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The cockroach Blattella germanica obtains nitrogen from uric acid through a metabolic pathway shared with its bacterial endosymbiont

ABSTRACT: Uric acid stored in the fat body of cockroaches is a nitrogen reservoir mobilized in times of scarcity. The discovery of urease in Blattabacterium cuenoti, the primary endosymbiont of cockroaches, suggests that the endosymbiont may participate in cockroach nitrogen economy. However, bacterial urease may only be one piece in the entire nitrogen recycling process from insect uric acid. Thus, in addition to the uricolytic pathway to urea, there must be glutamine synthetase assimilating the released ammonia by the urease reaction to enable the stored nitrogen to be metabolically usable.

ORGANISM(S): Blattella germanica

PROVIDER: GSE63921 | GEO | 2014/12/08

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA269497

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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The cockroach Blattella germanica obtains nitrogen from uric acid through a metabolic pathway shared with its bacterial endosymbiont

Project description:Uric acid stored in the fat body of cockroaches is a nitrogen reservoir mobilized in times of scarcity. The discovery of urease in Blattabacterium cuenoti, the primary endosymbiont of cockroaches, suggests that the endosymbiont may participate in cockroach nitrogen economy. However, bacterial urease may only be one piece in the entire nitrogen recycling process from insect uric acid. Thus, in addition to the uricolytic pathway to urea, there must be glutamine synthetase assimilating the released ammonia by the urease reaction to enable the stored nitrogen to be metabolically usable. None of the Blattabacterium genomes sequenced to date possess genes encoding for those enzymes. To test the host's contribution to the process, we have sequenced and analysed Blattella germanica transcriptomes from the fat body. We identified transcripts corresponding to all genes necessary for the synthesis of uric acid and its catabolism to urea, as well as for the synthesis of glutamine, asparagine, proline and glycine, i.e. the amino acids required by the endosymbiont. We also explored the changes in gene expression with different dietary protein levels. It appears that the ability to use uric acid as a nitrogen reservoir emerged in cockroaches after its age-old symbiotic association with bacteri

2014-12-08 | E-GEOD-63921 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Milk urea concentration is an indicator for dietary nitrogen (N)-supply and urinary nitrogen excretion. Dairy cows with high (HMU) compared to low milk urea (LMU) concentration have greater plasma urea, creatinine and uric acid concentrations, but if the liver metabolism accounts for these differences is unknown. Eighteen HMU and 18 LMU cows were fed either a diet with a low (LP) and normal (NP) crude protein concentration. An N-balance study was performed and a 13C-urea bolus was administered followed by a series of blood samplings. Liver samples were analysed by 2D-gel-based proteomics and real-time RT-PCR. Although HMU cows had a higher urea pool, plasma urea, uric acid, and hippuric acid concentrations, these differences were not associated with increased activation of the hepatic urea cycle or non-urea nitrogen metabolite pathways. Instead, HMU cows had a higher oxidative stress level. Conclusively, other factors than hepatic urea metabolism account for the milk urea concentration. Despite higher plasma urea concentrations on the LP diet, urea cycle mRNA expression was not affected, indicating it is not controlled at transcriptional level. Feeding the LP diet resulted in higher expressions of enzymes catabolizing fatty acids, which is likely due to diminished microbial growth and insufficient energy supply.

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Blattella germanica

Project description:The cockroach Blattella germanica obtains nitrogen from uric acid through a metabolic pathway shared with its bacterial endosymbiont

| PRJNA269497 | ENA

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