Open chromatin landscape of pancreatic endocrine progenitors
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE65794 | GEO | 2020/04/01
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Despite this critical role in islet cell development, the precise function and downstream genetic programs regulated directedly by NEUROG3 remain elusive. We therefore mapped genome-wide NEUROG3 occupancy in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived endocrine progenitors and determined NEUROG3 dependency of associated genes to uncover direct targets. To this aim, we generated a novel hiPSC line (NEUROG3-HA-P2A-Venus), where NEUROG3 is HA-tagged and fused to a self-cleaving fluorescent VENUS reporter. We used the CUT&RUN technique, an alternative method to CHIP-seq allowing transcription factor profiling from a low cell number, to map NEUROG3 occupancy and epigenetic marks in pancreatic endocrine progenitors (PEP) differentiated from this hiPSC line. To optimize the stringency and relevance of NEUROG3 binding sites, we focused our analysis on regions identified both with HA and NEUROG3 antibodies and integrated NEUROG3 occupancy data with chromatin status and gene expression in PEPs and their NEUROG3-dependence. Mapping of NEUROG3 genome occupancy in PEPs uncovers an unexpectedly broad, direct control of the endocrine gene regulatory network (GRN) and raises novel hypotheses on how this master regulator controls islet and beta cell differentiation.
2021-08-04 | GSE171963 | GEO
Project description:Despite this critical role in islet cell development, the precise function and downstream genetic programs regulated directedly by NEUROG3 remain elusive. We therefore mapped genome-wide NEUROG3 occupancy in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived endocrine progenitors and determined NEUROG3 dependency of associated genes to uncover direct targets. To this aim, we generated a novel hiPSC line (NEUROG3-HA-P2A-Venus), where NEUROG3 is HA-tagged and fused to a self-cleaving fluorescent VENUS reporter. We used the CUT&RUN technique, an alternative method to CHIP-seq allowing transcription factor profiling from a low cell number, to map NEUROG3 occupancy and epigenetic marks in pancreatic endocrine progenitors (PEP) differentiated from this hiPSC line. To optimize the stringency and relevance of NEUROG3 binding sites, we focused our analysis on regions identified both with HA and NEUROG3 antibodies and integrated NEUROG3 occupancy data with chromatin status and gene expression in PEPs and their NEUROG3-dependence. Mapping of NEUROG3 genome occupancy in PEPs uncovers an unexpectedly broad, direct control of the endocrine gene regulatory network (GRN) and raises novel hypotheses on how this master regulator controls islet and beta cell differentiation.
2021-08-04 | GSE179261 | GEO
Project description:During pancreas development, endocrine progenitors differentiate into the islet-cell subtypes, which undergo further functional maturation in postnatal islet development. In islet b-cells, genes involved in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion are activated and glucose exposure increases the insulin response as b-cells mature. Here, we investigated the role of H3K4 trimethylation in endocrine cell differentiation and functional maturation by disrupting TrxG complex histone methyltransferase activity in mouse endocrine progenitors. In the embryo, genetic inactivation of TrxG component Dpy30 in NEUROG3+ cells did not affect the number of endocrine progenitors or endocrine cell differentiation. H3K4 trimethylation was progressively lost in postnatal islets and the mice displayed elevated non-fasting and fasting glycemia, as well as impaired glucose tolerance by postnatal day 24. Although postnatal endocrine cell proportions were equivalent to controls, islet RNA-sequencing revealed a downregulation of genes involved in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and an upregulation of immature b-cell genes. Comparison of histone modification enrichment profiles in NEUROG3+ endocrine progenitors and mature islets suggested that genes downregulated by loss of H3K4 trimethylation more frequently acquire active histone modifications during maturation. Taken together, these findings suggest that H3K4 trimethylation is required for the activation of genes involved in the functional maturation of pancreatic islet endocrine cells.
2021-05-21 | GSE174751 | GEO
Project description:The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors of the Drosophila’s atonal-related superfamily Neurogenin3 (Neurog3) and NeuroD1 promote endocrine differentiation in the gastrointestinal tract. Atonal Homolog 8 (Atoh8/Math6) is a newly identified member of the atonal-related family whose expression is induced by Neurog3 and NeuroD1 in cell culture, indicating a possible role for this gene in the endocrine differentiation program downstream of these two pro-endocrine factors. Intriguingly, available experimental evidence based on a reduced number of genes suggests that Atoh8 may negatively regulate Neurog3-targeting events. In this study, we have analyzed global changes in gene expression profiles upon exogenous expression of Atoh8 alone or in combination with Neurog3 in mouse pancreatic duct (mPAC) cells. These cells activate neuroendocrine-specific gene expression in response to Neurog3 and NeuroD1 and thus serve as an optimal model to evaluate the proendocrine activity of Atoh8. We have compared transcriptional profiles between mPAC cells treated with a recombinant adenovirus expressing Atoh8 (Ad-Atoh8) or a control adenovirus encoding B-galactosidase (Ad-Bgal), and between cells treated with Ad-Neurog3+Ad-Bgal or cells treated with Ad-Neurog3+Ad-Atoh8. The results obtained show that Atoh8 exhibits a very modest transcriptional activity in these cells thus confirming that Atoh8 does not function as a proendocrine gene. Furthermore, our data also confirm the ability of Atoh8 to block Neurog3-dependent transcriptional activation events. However, since repression is only seen for a small subset of Neurog3 gene targets, we discard a general role of Atoh8 as a negative regulator of Neurog3 pro-endocrine activity.
2014-10-10 | GSE43536 | GEO
Project description:While diabetes incidence is gradually rising worldwide, novel therapeutical approaches are required in the search for a replacement of dysfunctional endocrine tissue, especially beta-cells. A promising potential lies in direct cellular reprogramming of similar cell types sharing common multipotent progenitors. With the knowledge of molecular mechanisms determining the endocrine cell fate commitment and endocrine lineage differentiation, other endocrine cells contained within the islets of Langerhans or closely related cells could be trans- or dedifferentiated either in situ or in vitro with their subsequent transplantation into the patient. NEUROD1 is a transcription factor situated on the base of the gene regulatory network of the developing endocrine precursors, directly downstream of endocrine lineage master regulator NEUROG3. While NEUROG3 initiates a rapid cascade of chromatin reorganization in numerous bivalent promoters resulting in spatiotemporal gene expression leading to differentiation of all endocrine cell subtypes from pancreatic multipotent progenitors, the role of NEUROD1 has yet to be clarified. Notably, NEUROD1 can induce neuronal program through pioneering and chromatin remodelling in other cell types. In this study, we performed advanced molecular and phenotypic analyses in early endocrine-specific Neurod1-deficient mouse model, including RNA and CUT&Tag sequencing and lightsheet microscopy, to gain insight into the NEUROD1-regulated transcription network driving endocrine lineage cell fate commitment. Besides a postnatal diabetic phenotype, disrupted endocrine differentiation and associated altered islet architecture, we observed an apparent elevation in the non-endocrine gene expression pattern and uncovered alterations in the epigenetic landscape of characteristic genes, specifically in the H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 distribution. Therefore, we provide evidence that NEUROD1 is critical player responsible for the establishment of the endocrine cell identity, which further affects endocrine development and may serve as a potent proendocrine reprogramming driver.
2023-08-17 | GSE212083 | GEO
Project description:While diabetes incidence is gradually rising worldwide, novel therapeutical approaches are required in the search for a replacement of dysfunctional endocrine tissue, especially beta-cells. A promising potential lies in direct cellular reprogramming of similar cell types sharing common multipotent progenitors. With the knowledge of molecular mechanisms determining the endocrine cell fate commitment and endocrine lineage differentiation, other endocrine cells contained within the islets of Langerhans or closely related cells could be trans- or dedifferentiated either in situ or in vitro with their subsequent transplantation into the patient. NEUROD1 is a transcription factor situated on the base of the gene regulatory network of the developing endocrine precursors, directly downstream of endocrine lineage master regulator NEUROG3. While NEUROG3 initiates a rapid cascade of chromatin reorganization in numerous bivalent promoters resulting in spatiotemporal gene expression leading to differentiation of all endocrine cell subtypes from pancreatic multipotent progenitors, the role of NEUROD1 has yet to be clarified. Notably, NEUROD1 can induce neuronal program through pioneering and chromatin remodelling in other cell types. In this study, we performed advanced molecular and phenotypic analyses in early endocrine-specific Neurod1-deficient mouse model, including RNA and CUT&Tag sequencing and lightsheet microscopy, to gain insight into the NEUROD1-regulated transcription network driving endocrine lineage cell fate commitment. Besides a postnatal diabetic phenotype, disrupted endocrine differentiation and associated altered islet architecture, we observed an apparent elevation in the non-endocrine gene expression pattern and uncovered alterations in the epigenetic landscape of characteristic genes, specifically in the H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 distribution. Therefore, we provide evidence that NEUROD1 is critical player responsible for the establishment of the endocrine cell identity, which further affects endocrine development and may serve as a potent proendocrine reprogramming driver.
2023-08-17 | GSE212082 | GEO
Project description:This experiment used RNA-Seq technology to explore gene expression in mouse Ngn3^GFP/+ [het] FACS sorted pancreatic cells at E15.5 (commited endocrine progenitor cells) and in Ngn3^GFP/GFP [null] at E15.5 (defective endocrine progenitor cells). This experiment is designed to understand the gene expression alteration in the endocrine lineage at different embryonic days. The aim is to understand both Ngn3 dependent and independent gene expression profiles so as to reveal the instructive signals that specfy the collective endocrine islet cell fate or specific islet cell type.
2015-10-01 | E-MTAB-3352 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Aims/hypothesis: Duct cells isolated from adult human pancreas can be reprogrammed to express islet beta cell genes by adenoviral transduction of the developmental transcription factor neurogenin3 (Ngn3). In this study we aimed to fully characterize the extent of this reprogramming and intended to improve it. Methods: The extent of the Ngn3-mediated duct-to-endocrine cell reprogramming was measured employing genome wide mRNA profiling. By modulation of the Delta-Notch signaling or addition of pancreatic endocrine transcription factors Myt1, MafA and Pdx1 we intended to improve the reprogramming. Results: Ngn3 stimulates duct cells to express a focused set of genes that are abundant in islet endocrine cells and/or neural tissues. This neuro-endocrine shift, however, covers a minor fraction (5%) of the estimated genome-wide transcriptome difference between duct and islet endocrine cells. Interestingly, transduction of exogenous Ngn3 activates endogenous Ngn3 suggesting auto-activation of this gene. Furthermore, pancreatic endocrine reprogramming of human duct cells can be moderately enhanced by inhibition of Delta-Notch signaling as well as by co-expressing the transcription factor Myt1, but not MafA and Pdx1. Conclusions/interpretation: The results provide further insight into the plasticity of adult human duct cells and suggest measurable routes to enhance Ngn3-mediated in vitro reprogramming protocols for regenerative beta cell therapy in diabetes. We used Affymetrix HG133A and HG133B to get a comprehensive view on the reprogramming potential in vitro of human pancreatic duct cell cultures (n=3-4) at 3 and 14/20 days after ectopic adenoviral expression of murine neurogenin 3 as compared to GFP-expressing control vectors.
2012-07-11 | GSE30802 | GEO
Project description:Aims/hypothesis: Duct cells isolated from adult human pancreas can be reprogrammed to express islet beta cell genes by adenoviral transduction of the developmental transcription factor neurogenin3 (Ngn3). In this study we aimed to fully characterize the extent of this reprogramming and intended to improve it. Methods: The extent of the Ngn3-mediated duct-to-endocrine cell reprogramming was measured employing genome wide mRNA profiling. By modulation of the Delta-Notch signaling or addition of pancreatic endocrine transcription factors Myt1, MafA and Pdx1 we intended to improve the reprogramming. Results: Ngn3 stimulates duct cells to express a focused set of genes that are abundant in islet endocrine cells and/or neural tissues. This neuro-endocrine shift, however, covers a minor fraction (5%) of the estimated genome-wide transcriptome difference between duct and islet endocrine cells. Interestingly, transduction of exogenous Ngn3 activates endogenous Ngn3 suggesting auto-activation of this gene. Furthermore, pancreatic endocrine reprogramming of human duct cells can be moderately enhanced by inhibition of Delta-Notch signaling as well as by co-expressing the transcription factor Myt1, but not MafA and Pdx1. Conclusions/interpretation: The results provide further insight into the plasticity of adult human duct cells and suggest measurable routes to enhance Ngn3-mediated in vitro reprogramming protocols for regenerative beta cell therapy in diabetes. We used Affymetrix HG133A and HG133B to get a comprehensive view on the reprogramming potential in vitro of human pancreatic duct cell cultures (n=3-4) at 3 and 14/20 days after ectopic adenoviral expression of murine neurogenin 3 as compared to GFP-expressing control vectors. The microarray analysis was performed on 3 independent samples that each contained RNA extracted from a pool of 3 independent donor pancreata. The total number of non-selected donor organs is 9. Transcripts were considered as differentially regulated by Ngn3 when 1.5 fold (LCB, unpaired P < 0.05) up- or down-regulated in AdGFP-Ngn3 versus AdGFP controls, at 3 and/or 14 dpi. Transcripts that showed differential expression between day 3 and day 14 in AdGFP-Ngn3 duct cells but not in AdGFP control cells, were also considered Ngn3-regulated
2012-07-10 | E-GEOD-30802 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Atoh8 is a transcription factor of the basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family that is expressed in multiple tissues during embryonic development but whose specific functions remain unknown. The gene encoding Atoh8 is induced by various lineage- determining bHLH transcription factors in cell culture, suggesting a possible common role of this gene in multiple bHLH-driven differentiation programs. In the pancreas, the pro-endocrine bHLH factors Neurogenin3 (Neurog3) and NeuroD1 activate Atoh8 expression. Moreover, Atoh8 is expressed in the embryonic pancreas confirming its participation in the pancreatic transcriptional cascade. This work aims at gaining insight into the molecular function of Atoh8 during the endocrine differentiation program initiated by Neurog3 in the pancreas. To this aim, we have generated a recombinant adenovirus encoding an Atoh8-specific shRNA (Ad-shAtoh8) and used it to down-regulate expression of the Atoh8 gene in Neurog3-expressing pancreatic ductal cells (mPAC), a cellular model of endocrine cell differentiation. Thus, we have compared global changes in gene expression profiles between cells treated with Ad-Neurog3+shControl and cells treated with Ad-Neurog3+shAtoh8 using Affymetrix microarrays. Our results show that Atoh8 silencing significantly affects the expression of 293 genes in Neurog3-expressing mPAC cells. Gene Ontology analysis has revealed cell cycle as the biological function most significantly represented among the modified genes. These results uncover a potential function of Math6 as a regulator of cell cycle progression and provide novel insights into the link between Neurog3 and the regulation of the cell cycle. mPAC cells (mouse pancreatic duct cells) overexpressing Neurogenin3 were divided in 2 groups according to the shRNA encoded by the recombinant adenoviruses used: 1) Scramble shRNA (control for the infection effect), 2) Atonal Homolog 8-specific shRNA. Experiment was performed three independent times (3 independent biological replicates).
2014-10-10 | E-GEOD-43536 | biostudies-arrayexpress