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Histone modifications induced by MDV infection at early cytolytic and latency phases

ABSTRACT: Background: Marek’s disease (MD) is a highly contagious, lymphomatous disease of chickens induced by a herpesvirus, Marek’s disease virus (MDV) that is the cause of major annual losses to the poultry industry. MD pathogenesis involves multiple stages including an early cytolytic phase and latency, and transitions between these stages are governed by several host and environmental factors. The success of vaccination strategies has led to the increased virulence of MDV and selective breeding of naturally resistant chickens is seen as a viable alternative. While multiple gene expression studies have been performed in resistant and susceptible populations, little is known about the epigenetic effects of infection. Results: In this study, we investigated temporal chromatin signatures induced by MDV by analyzing early cytolytic and latent phases of infection in the bursa of Fabricius of MD-resistant and –susceptible birds. Major global variations in chromatin marks were observed at different stages of MD in the two lines. Differential H3K27me3 marks were associated with immune-related pathways, such as MAP kinase signaling, focal adhesion and neuroactive ligand receptor interaction, and suggested varying degrees of silencing in response to infection. Immune-related microRNAs, e.g. gga-miR-155 and gga-miR-10b, bore chromatin signatures, which suggested their contribution to MD-susceptibility. Finally, several members of the focal adhesion pathway, e.g. THBS4 and ITGA1, showed marked concordance between gene expression and chromatin marks indicating putative epigenetic regulation in response to MDV infection. Conclusions: Our comprehensive analysis of chromatin signatures, therefore, revealed further clues about the epigenetic effects of MDV infection although further studies are necessary to elucidate the functional implications of the observed variations in histone modifications.

ORGANISM(S): Gallus gallus

PROVIDER: GSE65961 | GEO | 2015/04/17

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA275576

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Background: Marek’s disease (MD) is a highly contagious, lymphomatous disease of chickens induced by a herpesvirus, Marek’s disease virus (MDV) that is the cause of major annual losses to the poultry industry. MD pathogenesis involves multiple stages including an early cytolytic phase and latency, and transitions between these stages are governed by several host and environmental factors. The success of vaccination strategies has led to the increased virulence of MDV and selective breeding of naturally resistant chickens is seen as a viable alternative. While multiple gene expression studies have been performed in resistant and susceptible populations, little is known about the epigenetic effects of infection. Results: In this study, we investigated temporal chromatin signatures induced by MDV by analyzing early cytolytic and latent phases of infection in the bursa of Fabricius of MD-resistant and –susceptible birds. Major global variations in chromatin marks were observed at different stages of MD in the two lines. Differential H3K27me3 marks were associated with immune-related pathways, such as MAP kinase signaling, focal adhesion and neuroactive ligand receptor interaction, and suggested varying degrees of silencing in response to infection. Immune-related microRNAs, e.g. gga-miR-155 and gga-miR-10b, bore chromatin signatures, which suggested their contribution to MD-susceptibility. Finally, several members of the focal adhesion pathway, e.g. THBS4 and ITGA1, showed marked concordance between gene expression and chromatin marks indicating putative epigenetic regulation in response to MDV infection. Conclusions: Our comprehensive analysis of chromatin signatures, therefore, revealed further clues about the epigenetic effects of MDV infection although further studies are necessary to elucidate the functional implications of the observed variations in histone modifications. Total of 32 samples analyzed; 2 histone modifications - H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 x 2 chicken lines with varying resistance to MD - L63 and L72 x 2 time-points of disease progression - 5 and 10 days post infection x 2 conditions - infected and control x 2 biological replicates

Project description:Purpose: Marek's disease virus (MDV) is an oncogenic herpesvirus that can induce T-cell lymphoma. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) strongly associated with various cancers and many other diseases. In chickens, lncRNAs have not been comprehensively identified. Here, we profiled mRNA and lncRNA repertoires in three groups of spleens from MDV-infected and non-infected chickens, including seven tumorous spleens (TS) from MDV-infected chickens, five spleens from the survivors (SS) without any lesion after MDV infection, and five noninfected spleens (NS) from chickens, to explore the underlying mechanism of host resistance to Marek's disease (MD). Results: By using precise lncRNA identification pipeline, we identified 1315 putative lncRNAs and 1166 known lncRNAs in spleen tissue. Genomic features of putative lncRNAs were characterized. Differentially expressed mRNAs, putative lncRNAs and known lncRNAs were profiled. Some previously reported MD resistance candidate genes, such as CTLA4, HDAC9 and CD72, were also found in our differentially expressed genes list. Moreover, we found that several intergroup specifically deregulated genes were involved in important biological processes and pathways, including B cell activation and Wnt signaling pathway. We conducted co-expression network using WGCNA and identified several hub genes that may play pivotal roles in MD resistance and tumorigenesis, e.g. CTLA4, SWAP70, CXCL12 and JCHAIN. According to the expression relationship between lncRNAs and MD resistance candidate mRNAs, five deregulated lncRNAs may implicate the chicken immunity by directly or indirectly regulating those hub genes. Conclusions: We profiled both lncRNA and mRNA expression patterns in MDV-infected chicken spleens. Expression variations of intergroup specifically deregulated genes engaged in important immune process likely contributed to robust immune system in the survivors. Some oncogenesis or MD resistance related genes deregulated between groups, like CTLA4, HDAC9 and CD72 were found. Co-expression network analysis manifested that lncRNAs may affect MD resistance and tumorigenesis in chicken spleens through their impact on expression of CTLA4, SWAP70 and some other genes that are critical in many important biological processes, such as B lymphocyte proliferation and activation.

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Histone modifications induced by MDV infection at early cytolytic and latency phases

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