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Food protein-induced activation and death of CD4+ Helios+ Foxp3- T cells is required for IL-10 production and intestinal homeostasis

ABSTRACT: The impact of dietary proteins on homeostasis and immune function of the intestine is poorly understood. We here show that physiological uptake of dietary proteins induced an activated, CD4+CD44+Helios+ T cell population, predominantly in Peyer's patches (PP). These cells are distinct from Foxp3+regulatory T cells and microbiota-independent. Dietary protein-reactive T lymphocytes remained innocuous due to an equilibrium between activation and apoptosis. Macrophage mediated uptake of apoptotic T cells from the PP but not from other tissues resulted in strong IL-10 expression. In contrast, replacement of dietary proteins by amino acids resulted in low numbers of activated and apoptotic CD4+CD44+Helios+ T cells together with reduced amounts of IL-10 and downregulation of genes involved in intestinal integrity such as trefoil factors and gastrokines. The impaired intestinal barrier function of these animals was restored after switching to conventional diet, demonstrating the essential role of food proteins for induction of epithelial repair mechanisms and immunological homeostasis.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE66938 | GEO | 2016/07/01

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA278403

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Food protein-induced activation and death of CD4+ Helios+ Foxp3- T cells is required for IL-10 production and intestinal homeostasis

Project description:The impact of dietary proteins on homeostasis and immune function of the intestine is poorly understood. We here show that physiological uptake of dietary proteins induced an activated, CD4+CD44+Helios+ T cell population, predominantly in Peyer's patches (PP). These cells are distinct from Foxp3+regulatory T cells and microbiota-independent. Dietary protein-reactive T lymphocytes remained innocuous due to an equilibrium between activation and apoptosis. Macrophage mediated uptake of apoptotic T cells from the PP but not from other tissues resulted in strong IL-10 expression. In contrast, replacement of dietary proteins by amino acids resulted in low numbers of activated and apoptotic CD4+CD44+Helios+ T cells together with reduced amounts of IL-10 and downregulation of genes involved in intestinal integrity such as trefoil factors and gastrokines. The impaired intestinal barrier function of these animals was restored after switching to conventional diet, demonstrating the essential role of food proteins for induction of epithelial repair mechanisms and immunological homeostasis. Microarray experiments were performed as dual-color hybridizations on Agilent-014868 Whole Mouse Genome 4x44K catalog arrays. To compensate for dye-specific effects, a dye-reversal color-swap was applied.

2016-07-01 | E-GEOD-66938 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Stable inhibitory activity of regulatory T cells requires the transcription factor Helios

Project description:The maintenance of immune homeostasis requires regulatory T cells (Tregs). Given their intrinsic self-reactivity, Tregs must stably maintain a suppressive phenotype to avoid autoimmunity. We report that impaired expression of the transcription factor (TF) Helios by FoxP3+ CD4 and Qa-1-restricted CD8 Tregs results in defective regulatory activity and autoimmunity in mice. Helios-deficient Treg develop an unstable phenotype during inflammatory responses characterized by reduced FoxP3 expression and increased effector cytokine expression secondary to diminished activation of the STAT5 pathway. CD8 Treg also require Helios-dependent STAT5 activation for survival and to prevent terminal T cell differentiation. Definition of Helios as a key transcription factor that stabilizes regulatory T-cells in the face of inflammatory responses provides a genetic explanation for a core property of regulatory T-cells. We used microarrays to detail the global programs of gene expression by CD8 Treg (CD44+CD122+Ly49+) and conventional memory type of CD8 cells (CD44+CD122+Ly49-).

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Project description:Helios KO Tregs

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Influence of ATL-type Helios overexpression or WT-Helios/Ikaros knockdown on gene expression profile in Jurkat cells

Project description:It has been known that aberrant isoforms of Ikaros family ptoteins are expressed in malignant cells. We identified that PBMC of ATL (acute T-cell leukemia) patients expresses different patterns of Helios isoforms compared with normal PBMC. In order to investigate the biological impact of ATL-type Helios isoform, we conducted complehensive gene expression analyses in Jurkat cells overexpressing ATL-type Helios. Also, we investigated the influence of WT-Helios or WT-Ikaros knockdown on the gene expression profile and compared with that of the cells with ATL-type Helios overexpression. Total RNA samples from Jurkat cells were subjected to Cy-3 labeling followed by human whole genome gene expression microarray analyses.

2013-03-31 | E-GEOD-41796 | biostudies-arrayexpress

ChIP-seq HELIOS (Ikzf2)

Project description:Here we addressed the genome-wide DNA binding profile of Helios transcription factor in early hematopoietic progenitor cells. We reported Helios DNA target sites by performing Chromatin Immuno-Precipitation (ChIP) assay on genomic DNA from the early hematopoietic progenitor cells line HPC7.

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Influence of ATL-type Helios overexpression or WT-Helios/Ikaros knockdown on gene expression profile in Jurkat cells

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Helios expression defines two distinct populations of Foxp3+ Treg cells

Project description:The transcription factor Helios is expressed in a large subset of Foxp3+ Tregs of both mouse and man. We previously demonstrated that Treg induced in peripheral sites (pTreg) from Foxp3- T conventional (Tconv) cells were Helios- and proposed that Helios is a marker of thymic derived Treg (tTreg). To compare the two Treg subpopulations, we generated Helios-GFP reporter mice and crossed them to Foxp3-RFP reporter mice. The Helios+ Treg population expressed a more activated phenotype and had a higher suppressive capacity in vitro. Both populations expressed a highly demethylated TSDR and both subsets were equivalent in their ability to suppress inflammatory bowel disease in vivo. However, Helios+ Treg more effectively inhibited the proliferation of activated, autoreactive splenocytes from scurfy mice. When Helios+ and Helios- Treg were transferred to lymphoreplete mice, both populations maintained comparable Foxp3 expression, but Foxp3 expression was less stable in Helios- Treg when transferred to lymphopenic mice. Gene expression profiling of the two populations demonstrated a large number of differentially expressed genes and that Helios- Treg subpopulation expressed certain genes normally expressed in CD4+Foxp3- T cells. TCR repertoire analysis indicated very little overlap between Helios+ and Helios- Treg. Thus, Helios+ and Helios- Treg subpopulations are phenotypically and functionally distinct, consistent with thymic and peripheral sites of origin, respectively. Because of their superior suppressive activity and enhanced stability Foxp3+Helios+ Treg represent the optimal Treg population for cellular immunotherapy.

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Project description:The zinc finger transcription factor Helios is critical for maintaining the identity and suppressive phenotype of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and as such is an attractive target to enhance the efficacy of currently approved immunotherapies. However, no small molecules exist which can directly modulate Helios activity or abundance. Here, we report the structure-guided development of novel small molecules capable of inducing neo-interactions between Helios and the E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate adaptor Cereblon (CRBN), thereby promoting Helios degradation. Crystallographic studies reveal that these new compounds accommodate a key histidine residue in the β-hairpin loop of its second zinc finger domain. Finally, pharmacological Helios degradation destabilized the anergic phenotype of regulatory T cells, demonstrating that Helios is a new druggable target that may enhance anti-tumor immunity. Our study provides a road-map for developing small molecule degraders of other difficult-to-drug targets through ligase reprogramming that is complementary to the bi-valent proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTACs) approach.

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