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TRF2 Inhibition-Mediated Degradation Derepresses the Neuronal Differentiation Program

ABSTRACT: Telomere binding factor 2 (TRF2), is a protein that plays a major role in the maintenance of telomere integrity. In mitotic normal and transformed cells, TRF2 inhibition triggers a rapid telomere DNA damage response that results in cell senescence or apoptosis. Here we provide evidence that TRF2 plays a role suppressing neuronal differentiation. TRF2 interacts with the RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) in nuclear PML protein-containing compartments of neuronal cells in vivo. Inhibition of TRF2 function with a dominant-negative form of TRF2 elicits a telomeric DNA damage response, and disrupts the TRF2-REST complex resulting in proteasomal degradation of REST. Overexpression of REST impairs the ability of DN-TRF2 to induce neuronal differentiation, indicating that enhanced degradation of REST is sufficient to account for the differentiation-inducing effect of DN-TRF2. REST degradation derepresses RE1-regulated genes (L1CAM, BDNF, b3-tubulin, syntaxin and others) resulting in morphological and functional differentiation of neurons. Our findings identify a novel interaction between the telomeric protein TRF2 and REST which regulates the molecular differentiation program of neurons. Keywords: transfection and molecular inhibition

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE6983 | GEO | 2007/07/01

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA99295

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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C-terminal Domain Small Phosphatase 1 and MAP kinase reciprocally control REST stability and neuronal differentiation.

Project description:The RE1 Silencing Transcription Factor (REST) in stem cells represses hundreds of genes essential to neuronal function. During neurogenesis, REST is degraded in neural progenitors to promote subsequent elaboration of a mature neuronal phenotype. Prior studies indicate that part of the degradation mechanism involves phosphorylation of two sites in the C-terminus of REST that require activity of the E3 ubiquitin ligase, bTrCP. We identify a new proline-directed phosphorylation motif, at Serines 861/864 upstream of these sites, which is a substrate for the Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans Isomerase, Pin1, as well as the ERK1/2 kinases. Mutation at S861/864 stabilizes REST, as does inhibition of Pin1 activity. Interestingly, we find that C-Terminal Domain Small Phosphatase1 (CTDSP1) is recruited by REST to neuronal genes, is present in REST immunocomplexes, dephosphorylates S861/864 and stabilizes REST. Expression of a REST peptide containing S861/864 in neural progenitors inhibits terminal neuronal differentiation. Together with previous work indicating that both REST and CTDSP1 are expressed to high levels in stem cells and down regulated during neurogenesis, our results suggest that CTDSP1 activity stabilizes REST in stem cells, and that ERK dependent phosphorylation combined with Pin1 activity promotes REST degradation in neural progenitors.

2014-09-15 | PXD001127 | Pride

Homo sapiens

Project description:TRF2 Inhibition-Mediated Degradation Derepresses the Neuronal Differentiation Program

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ZNF524 directly binds telomeres and supports their integrity via TRF2/RAP1

Project description:Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures at the ends of linear chromosomes. In humans, they consist of TTAGGG repeats, which are bound by dedicated proteins such as the shelterin complex. This complex consists of six proteins (TRF1, TRF2, RAP1, POT1, TPP1 and TIN2) and blocks unwanted DNA damage repair at telomeres, e.g. by suppressing non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) through its subunit TRF2. While shelterin does not work autonomously, additional direct telomere binding proteins have been described to function in a supplementary role. We here describe ZNF524, a zinc finger protein that directly binds to telomeric repeats with nanomolar affinity and reveal the base-specific sequence recognition by co-crystallization with telomeric DNA. ZNF524 localizes to telomeres and specifically maintains the presence of the TRF2/RAP1 subcomplex at telomeres without affecting the other shelterin members. Loss of ZNF524 concomitantly results in an increase in DNA damage signaling and recombination events. Overall, we identified ZNF524 as a direct telomere binding protein and propose that ZNF524 is involved in the maintenance of telomere integrity by promoting TRF2/RAP1 subcomplex binding.

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Expression data from NSCs treated with REST inhibitor X5050

2013-10-01 | GSE40695 | GEO

ZNF524 directly interacts with telomeric DNA and supports telomere integrity

Project description:Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures at the ends of linear chromosomes. In humans, they consist of TTAGGG repeats, which are bound by dedicated proteins such as the shelterin complex. This complex blocks unwanted DNA damage repair at telomeres, e.g. by suppressing non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) through its subunit TRF2. We here describe ZNF524, a zinc finger protein that directly binds telomeric repeats with nanomolar affinity and reveal the base-specific sequence recognition by co-crystallization with telomeric DNA. ZNF524 localizes to telomeres and specifically maintains the presence of the TRF2/RAP1 subcomplex at telomeres without affecting other shelterin members. Loss of ZNF524 concomitantly results in an increase in DNA damage signaling and recombination events. Overall, ZNF524 is a direct telomere-binding protein involved in the maintenance of telomere integrity.

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Expression data from NSCs treated with REST inhibitor X5050

Project description:REST has been initially described as a repressor of neuronal genes in non-neuronal cells by binding to its recognition sequence RE1. Over-activation of this factor has been shown in several diseases such as Huntington disease or central nervous system cancers. High-throughput screening of a library of 6,984 compounds with luciferase-assay measuring REST activity in neural derivatives of human embryonic stem cells led to the identification of one benzoimidazole-5-carboxamide derivative (X5050) that inhibited REST silencing in a RE1-dependent manner. Differential transcriptomic analysis revealed the upregulation of neuronal genes targeted by REST. RNA was extracted from 6 samples, corresponding to 3 independent cultures of NSC SA-01, each one treated either with DMSO (0.1 % final) or with X5050 (100 ÃÂµM final). RNA was isolated using RNeasy Mini kit with DNase I digestion and genome-wide gene expression profiling was performed by hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays

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Project description:Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures at the ends of linear chromosomes. In humans, they consist of TTAGGG repeats, which are bound by dedicated proteins such as the shelterin complex. This complex blocks unwanted DNA damage repair at telomeres, e.g. by suppressing non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) through its subunit TRF2. We here describe ZNF524, a zinc finger protein that directly binds telomeric repeats with nanomolar affinity and reveal the base-specific sequence recognition by co-crystallization with telomeric DNA. ZNF524 localizes to telomeres in vivo, as shown among other approaches by ChIP-seq analysis, and specifically maintains the presence of the TRF2/RAP1 subcomplex at telomeres without affecting the other shelterin members. Loss of ZNF524 concomitantly results in an increase in DNA damage signaling and recombination events. Overall, ZNF524 is a direct telomere-binding protein involved in the maintenance of telomere integrity.

2023-10-23 | GSE196661 | GEO

REST knock-out ESCs: a role for REST in embryonic stem cells' cardiac lineage specification

Project description:During development, lineage specification is controlled by several signaling pathways involving various transcription factors (TFs). Here, we studied the RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) and identified an important role of this TF in cardiac differentiation. Using mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) to model development, we analyzed the effect of REST knock-out on the ability to these cells to differentiate into the cardiac lineage. Detailed analysis of specific lineage markers expression showed selective down-regulation of endoderm markers in REST-null cells, thus contributing to a loss of cardiogenic signals. We propose here a new role for REST in cell fate specification besides its well-known repressive role of neuronal differentiation.

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ALKBH5 SUMOylation-mediated FBXW7 m6A modification regulates epithelial cells senescence during 1-nitropyrene-induced pulmonary fibrosis [RNA-seq]

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