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Poised chromatin and bivalent domains facilitate the mitosis-to-meiosis transition in the male germline

ABSTRACT: The male germline transcriptome changes dramatically during the mitosis-to-meiosis transition to activate late spermatogenesis genes and to transiently suppress genes commonly expressed in somatic lineages and spermatogenesis progenitor cells, termed somatic/progenitor genes. These changes reflect epigenetic regulation. Induction of late spermatogenesis genes during spermatogenesis is facilitated by poised chromatin established in the stem cell phases of spermatogonia, whereas silencing of somatic/progenitor genes during meiosis and postmeiosis is associated with formation of bivalent domains which also allows the recovery of the somatic/progenitor program after fertilization. Importantly, during spermatogenesis mechanisms of epigenetic regulation on sex chromosomes are different from autosomes: X-linked somatic/progenitor genes are suppressed by meiotic sex chromosome inactivation without deposition of H3K27me3. Our results suggest that bivalent H3K27me3 and H3K4me2/3 domains are not limited to developmental promoters (which maintain bivalent domains that are silent throughout the reproductive cycle), but also underlie reversible silencing of somatic/progenitor genes during the mitosis-to-meiosis transition in late spermatogenesis.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE69946 | GEO | 2015/06/18

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA287221

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Poised chromatin and bivalent domains facilitate the mitosis-to-meiosis transition in the male germline

Project description:The male germline transcriptome changes dramatically during the mitosis-to-meiosis transition to activate late spermatogenesis genes and to transiently suppress genes commonly expressed in somatic lineages and spermatogenesis progenitor cells, termed somatic/progenitor genes. These changes reflect epigenetic regulation. Induction of late spermatogenesis genes during spermatogenesis is facilitated by poised chromatin established in the stem cell phases of spermatogonia, whereas silencing of somatic/progenitor genes during meiosis and postmeiosis is associated with formation of bivalent domains which also allows the recovery of the somatic/progenitor program after fertilization. Importantly, during spermatogenesis mechanisms of epigenetic regulation on sex chromosomes are different from autosomes: X-linked somatic/progenitor genes are suppressed by meiotic sex chromosome inactivation without deposition of H3K27me3. Our results suggest that bivalent H3K27me3 and H3K4me2/3 domains are not limited to developmental promoters (which maintain bivalent domains that are silent throughout the reproductive cycle), but also underlie reversible silencing of somatic/progenitor genes during the mitosis-to-meiosis transition in late spermatogenesis. 29 samples analyzed by ChIP-Seq

2015-06-18 | E-GEOD-69946 | biostudies-arrayexpress

SCML2 establishes germline-specific bivalent domains.

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DNA/RNA helicase DHX36 is required for late stages of spermatogenesis

Project description:Spermatogenesis is a highly complex developmental process that typically consists of mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. DNA/RNA helicase DHX36, a unique guanine-quadruplex (G4) resolvase, play crucial roles in a variety of biological processes. We previously showed that DHX36 is highly expressed in male germ cells with the highest level in zygotene spermatocytes. Here, we delete Dhx36 in advanced germ cells with Stra8-GFPCre, and found that a Dhx36 deficiency in the differentiated spermatogonia leads to meiotic defects and abnormal spermiogenesis. These defects in late stages of spermatogenesis arise from dysregulated transcription of G4-harboring genes, which are required for meiosis. Thus, this study reveals that Dhx36 play crucial roles in the late stages of spermatogenesis.

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RNA-seq analysis of Control and Mps1sKO testis at P10

Project description:Monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1), which plays a critical role in somatic mitosis, has also been revealed to be essential for meiosis I in oocytes. Spermatogenesis is an important process involving successive mitosis and meiosis, but the function of Mps1 in spermatogenesis remains unclear. Here, we generated Mps1 conditional knockout mice and found that Ddx4-cre-driven loss of Mps1 in male mice resulted in depletion of undifferentiated spermatogonial cells and subsequently of differentiated spermatogonia and spermatocytes. In addition, Stra8-cre-driven ablation of Mps1 in male mice led to germ cell loss and fertility reduction. Spermatocytes lacking Mps1 were blocked at the zygotene-to-pachytene transition in prophase of meiosis I, and the expression of many meiotic genes was decreased, while that of apoptotic genes was increased. Moreover, we also detected increased apoptosis in spermatocytes with Mps1 knockout, which may have been the reason why germ cells were lost. Taken together, our findings indicate that Mps1 is required for mitosis of gonocytes and spermatogonia, differentiation of undifferentiated spermatogonia, and progression of meiosis I in spermatocytes.

2021-05-24 | GSE165143 | GEO

SCML2 Establishes the Male Germline Epigenome

Project description:Gametogenesis is dependent on the expression of germline-specific genes. However, it remains unknown how the germline epigenome is distinctly established from that of somatic lineages. Here we show that genes commonly expressed in somatic lineages and spermatogenesis-progenitor cells undergo repression in a genome-wide manner in late stages of the male germline and identify underlying mechanisms. SCML2, a germline-specific subunit of a Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1), establishes the unique epigenome of the male germline through two distinct antithetical mechanisms. SCML2 works with PRC1 and promotes RNF2-dependent ubiquitination of H2A, thereby marking somatic/progenitor genes on autosomes for repression. Paradoxically, SCML2 also prevents RNF2-dependent ubiquitination of H2A on sex chromosomes during meiosis, thereby enabling unique epigenetic programming of sex chromosomes for male reproduction. Our results reveal divergent mechanisms involving a shared regulator by which the male germline epigenome is distinguished from that of the soma and progenitor cells.

2015-02-19 | GSE55060 | GEO

Unique cell cycle-dependent variations in the pluripotent epigenetic landscape define novel cohorts of temporal expressed bivalent genes during hESCs differentiation

Project description:By mapping the genomic enrichmentsÂ of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 modifications in pure populations of hESCs during the G2, mitotic and G1 phases of the cell cycle, we characterize cell cycle-dependent variations in the epigenetic landscape of bivalent genes, altering the current view of mitotic inheritance in pluripotent cells. We identified novel classes of bivalent domains that are highly enriched with H3K4me3 during mitosis, depleted during G1 only, and ubiquitously bivalent. These bivalent domains are associated with specific genes and expression patterns during differentiation. These cell cycle-dependent epigenetic profiles are unique to hESCs and are not observed following initiation of phenotype commitment. Our results establish a new dimension in cell cycle-dependent chromatin regulation that advances understanding of contributions the pluripotent epigenetic landscape to hESC identity. Study of two histone modifications, H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, during three cell cycle phases in two cell types. Study of gene expression from these two cell types in asynchronous cells.

2015-12-23 | E-GEOD-55502 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Mus musculus

Project description:Poised chromatin and bivalent domains facilitate the mitosis-to-meiosis transition in the male germline

| PRJNA287221 | ENA

Unique cell cycle-dependent variations in the pluripotent epigenetic landscape define novel cohorts of temporal expressed bivalent genes during hESCs differentiation

Project description:By mapping the genomic enrichments of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 modifications in pure populations of hESCs during the G2, mitotic and G1 phases of the cell cycle, we characterize cell cycle-dependent variations in the epigenetic landscape of bivalent genes, altering the current view of mitotic inheritance in pluripotent cells. We identified novel classes of bivalent domains that are highly enriched with H3K4me3 during mitosis, depleted during G1 only, and ubiquitously bivalent. These bivalent domains are associated with specific genes and expression patterns during differentiation. These cell cycle-dependent epigenetic profiles are unique to hESCs and are not observed following initiation of phenotype commitment. Our results establish a new dimension in cell cycle-dependent chromatin regulation that advances understanding of contributions the pluripotent epigenetic landscape to hESC identity.

2015-12-23 | GSE55502 | GEO

TOPBP1 Shapes XY Silencing Dynamics Independently of Sex Body Formation to Ensure Male Fertility

Project description:In mammals and several other taxa, the ability of males to cope with the limited synapsis of the X and Y chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis relies on the process of meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI). Components of the somatic DNA damage response machinery, including ATR, TOPBP1, MDC1 and BRCA1 play key roles in MSCI, although how they establish XY silencing remains incompletely understood. In particular, it remains unclear how DDR factors coordinate XY silencing with DNA repair, chromosome synapsis and the formation of the sex body, a distinct phase-separated sub-nuclear structure formed during prophase I to house the unsynapsed XY bivalent. Here we report a mutant mouse (Topbp1B5/B5), harboring mutations in the BRCT5 domain of Topbp1, that shows impaired XY silencing but grossly normal sex body formation. While Topbp1B5/B5 mice are viable, without detectable somatic defects, males are completely infertile. Distinct from mice lacking ATR or TOPBP1 specifically during meiosis, Topbp1B5/B5 males exhibit normal chromosome synapsis and canonical markers of DNA repair in early prophase I. ATR signaling is mostly intact in Topbp1B5/B5 spermatocytes, although specific ATR-dependent events are disrupted, including localization of the RNA:DNA helicase Senataxin to chromatin loops of the XY. Strikingly, while Topbp1B5/B5 spermatocytes are able to initiate MSCI the completion of gene silencing is defective, with a subset of X chromosome genes displaying distinct patterns of transcriptional deregulation. These findings suggest a non-canonical role for the ATR-TOPBP1 signaling axis in XY silencing dynamics at advanced stages in pachynema. This is the first DDR mutant that separates XY silencing from sex body formation, as well as TOPBP1’s role in spermatogenesis from its roles in organismal viability.

2024-02-09 | PXD042199 | Pride

A highly conserved pocket on PP2A-B56 is required for hSgo1 binding and cohesion protection during mitosis

Project description:The shugoshin proteins are universal protectors of centromeric cohesin during mitosis and meiosis. The binding of human hSgo1 to the PP2A-B56 phosphatase through a coiled coil (CC) region mediates cohesion protection during mitosis. Here we undertook a structure function analysis of the PP2A-B56-hSgo1 complex, revealing unanticipated aspects of complex formation and function. We establish that a highly conserved pocket on the B56 regulatory subunit is required for hSgo1 binding and cohesion protection during mitosis in human somatic cells. Consistent with this, we show that hSgo1 blocks the binding of PP2A-B56 substrates containing a canonical B56 binding motif. We find that PP2A-B56 bound to hSgo1 dephosphorylates Cdk1 sites on hSgo1 itself to modulate cohesin interactions. Collectively our work provides important insight into cohesion protection during mitosis.

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