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The transcription factors SOX9 and SOX5/SOX6 cooperate genome-wide through super-enhancers to drive chondrogenesis

ABSTRACT: This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus

PROVIDER: GSE70144 | GEO | 2015/06/23

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA287708

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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The transcription factors SOX9 and SOX5/SOX6 cooperate genome-wide through super-enhancers to drive chondrogenesis.

Project description:SOX9 is a transcriptional activator required for chondrogenesis, and SOX5 and SOX6 are closely related DNA-binding proteins that critically enhance its function. We use here genome-wide approaches to gain novel insights into the full spectrum of the target genes and modes of action of this chondrogenic trio. Using the RCS cell line as a faithful model for proliferating/early prehypertrophic growth plate chondrocytes, we uncover that SOX6 and SOX9 bind thousands of genomic sites, frequently and most efficiently near each other. SOX9 recognizes pairs of inverted SOX motifs, whereas SOX6 favors pairs of tandem SOX motifs. The SOX proteins primarily target enhancers. While binding to a small fraction of typical enhancers, they bind multiple sites on almost all super-enhancers (SEs) present in RCS cells. These SEs are predominantly linked to cartilage-specific genes. The SOX proteins effectively work together to activate these SEs and are required for in vivo expression of their associated genes. These genes encode key regulatory factors, including the SOX trio proteins, and all essential cartilage extracellular matrix components. Chst11, Fgfr3, Runx2 and Runx3 are among many other newly identified SOX trio targets. SOX9 and SOX5/SOX6 thus cooperate genome-wide, primarily through SEs, to implement the growth plate chondrocyte differentiation program.

| S-EPMC4787819 | biostudies-other

The transcription factors SOX9 and SOX5/SOX6 cooperate genome-wide through super-enhancers to drive chondrogenesis

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below. Refer to individual Series

2015-06-23 | E-GEOD-70144 | biostudies-arrayexpress

The transcription factors SOX9 and SOX5/SOX6 cooperate genome-wide through super-enhancers to drive chondrogenesis (RNA-Seq)

Project description:SOX9 is a transcriptional activator required for chondrogenesis, and SOX5 and SOX6 are closely related DNA-binding proteins that critically enhance its function. We used RNA-seq to charatierize a rat chondrosarcoma (RCS) cells as a faithful model for proliferating/early prehypertrophic growth plate chondrocytes and ChIP-seq to gain novel insights into the full spectrum of the target genes and modes of action of this chondrogenic trio. RNAs were isolated from three bioogical replicatse of rat chondrosarcoma (RCS) cells and rib samples for RNA-seq experiments.

2015-06-23 | E-GEOD-70142 | biostudies-arrayexpress

The transcription factors SOX9 and SOX5/SOX6 cooperate genome-wide through super-enhancers to drive chondrogenesis (ChIP-Seq)

Project description:SOX9 is a transcriptional activator required for chondrogenesis, and SOX5 and SOX6 are closely related DNA-binding proteins that critically enhance its function. We used RNA-seq to charatierize a rat chondrosarcoma (RCS) cells as a faithful model for proliferating/early prehypertrophic growth plate chondrocytes and ChIP-seq to gain novel insights into the full spectrum of the target genes and modes of action of this chondrogenic trio. ChIP-seq for SOX9, SOX6 and histone modifications were carried out using RCS cells

2015-06-23 | E-GEOD-70143 | biostudies-arrayexpress

The transcription factors SOX9 and SOX5/SOX6 cooperate genome-wide through super-enhancers to drive chondrogenesis (ChIP-Seq)

Project description:SOX9 is a transcriptional activator required for chondrogenesis, and SOX5 and SOX6 are closely related DNA-binding proteins that critically enhance its function. We used RNA-seq to charatierize a rat chondrosarcoma (RCS) cells as a faithful model for proliferating/early prehypertrophic growth plate chondrocytes and ChIP-seq to gain novel insights into the full spectrum of the target genes and modes of action of this chondrogenic trio.

2015-06-23 | GSE70143 | GEO

The transcription factors SOX9 and SOX5/SOX6 cooperate genome-wide through super-enhancers to drive chondrogenesis (RNA-Seq)

Project description:SOX9 is a transcriptional activator required for chondrogenesis, and SOX5 and SOX6 are closely related DNA-binding proteins that critically enhance its function. We used RNA-seq to charatierize a rat chondrosarcoma (RCS) cells as a faithful model for proliferating/early prehypertrophic growth plate chondrocytes and ChIP-seq to gain novel insights into the full spectrum of the target genes and modes of action of this chondrogenic trio.

2015-06-23 | GSE70142 | GEO

A new long form of Sox5 (L-Sox5), Sox6 and Sox9 are coexpressed in chondrogenesis and cooperatively activate the type II collagen gene.

Project description:Transcripts for a new form of Sox5, called L-Sox5, and Sox6 are coexpressed with Sox9 in all chondrogenic sites of mouse embryos. A coiled-coil domain located in the N-terminal part of L-Sox5, and absent in Sox5, showed >90% identity with a similar domain in Sox6 and mediated homodimerization and heterodimerization with Sox6. Dimerization of L-Sox5/Sox6 greatly increased efficiency of binding of the two Sox proteins to DNA containing adjacent HMG sites. L-Sox5, Sox6 and Sox9 cooperatively activated expression of the chondrocyte differentiation marker Col2a1 in 10T1/2 and MC615 cells. A 48 bp chondrocyte-specific enhancer in this gene, which contains several HMG-like sites that are necessary for enhancer activity, bound the three Sox proteins and was cooperatively activated by the three Sox proteins in non-chondrogenic cells. Our data suggest that L-Sox5/Sox6 and Sox9, which belong to two different classes of Sox transcription factors, cooperate with each other in expression of Col2a1 and possibly other genes of the chondrocytic program.

| S-EPMC1170900 | biostudies-other

Transcriptional regulation of chondrogenesis by coactivator Tip60 via chromatin association with Sox9 and Sox5.

Project description:Sox9 is a transcription factor of the SRY family required for several steps of chondrogenesis. It activates the expression of various chondrocyte-specific genes, but the mechanisms and role of cofactors involved in Sox9-regulated gene transcription are not fully understood. Here, we report on the characterization of a Tat interactive protein-60 (Tip60) as Sox9-associated protein identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen. Both in vitro and in vivo assays confirmed the specificity of interactions between Sox9 and Tip60 including the existence of an endogenous complex containing both polypeptides in chondrocytes. Gel shift assays showed the presence of a complex containing Sox9, Tip60 and the DNA of an enhancer region of the Col2a1 promoter. Reporter assays using a Col2a1 promoter with multimerized Col2a1 Sox9-binding sites indicated that Tip60 enhanced the transcriptional activity of Sox9. A larger Col2a1 promoter showed that Tip60 increased the activity of this promoter in the presence of both Sox9 and Sox5. Ectopic expression of Sox9 and transient-cotransfection with Tip60 in COS7 cells showed a more diffuse subnuclear colocalization, suggesting changes in the chromatin structure. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that Tip60, Sox9 and Sox5 associated with the same Col2a1 enhancer region. Consistent with a role of Tip60 in chondrogenesis, addition of Tip60 siRNA to limb-bud micromass cultures delayed chondrocyte differention. Tip60 enhances acetylation of Sox9 mainly through K61, 253, 398 residues; however, the K61/253/398A mutant of Sox9 still exhibited enhanced transcriptional activity by Tip60. Our results support the hypothesis that Tip60 is a coactivator of Sox9 in chondrocytes.

| S-EPMC2396410 | biostudies-literature

In vivo genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation for the chondrogenic transcription factors, Sox9, Sox5 and Sox6

Project description:Tissue ChIP-seq was performed on transcription factor Sox5, Sox6 and Sox9 using limbs and tails from E13.5 mouse embryos to find their in vivo binding sites in the genome

2017-06-15 | GSE33419 | GEO

NOTCH1/RBPJ complexes drive target gene expression through dynamic interactions with super-enhancers

Project description:The main oncogenic driver in T-lymphoblastic leukemia (T-LL) is NOTCH1, which activates genes by forming chromatin-associated Notch transcription complexes. Gamma-secretase (GSI) inhibitor treatment prevents NOTCH1 nuclear localization, but most genes with NOTCH1 binding sites are insensitive to GSI. Here, we demonstrate that fewer than 10% of NOTCH1 binding sites show dynamic changes in NOTCH1 occupancy when T-LL cells are toggled between the Notch-on and –off states with GSI. Dynamic NOTCH1 sites are functional, being highly associated with Notch target genes, are located mainly in distal enhancers, and frequently overlap with RUNX1 binding. In line with the latter association, we show that expression of IL7R, a gene with key roles in normal T cell development and in T-LL, is coordinately regulated by Runx factors and dynamic NOTCH1 binding to distal enhancers. Like IL7R, most Notch target genes and associated dynamic NOTCH1 binding sites co-occupy chromatin domains defined by constitutive binding of CCCTC binding factor (CTCF), which appears to restrict the regulatory potential of dynamic NOTCH1 sites. More remarkably, the majority of dynamic NOTCH1 sites lie in super-enhancers, distal elements with exceptionally broad and high levels of H3K27ac. Changes in Notch occupancy produces dynamic alterations in H3K27ac levels across the entire breadth of super-enhancers and in the promoters of nearby Notch target genes. These findings link regulation of super-enhancer function to NOTCH1, a master regulatory factor and potent oncoprotein in the context of immature T cells, and delineate a generally applicable roadmap for identifying functional Notch sites in cellular genomes. NOTCH1/RBPJ complexes binding dynamics in human T-LL

2013-12-27 | E-GEOD-51800 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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