Differential expression of genes in photoreceptor and other retinal cells in developing retina
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE71462 | GEO | 2016/07/28
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA291285
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:Comparison of gene expression profile between an 96 day human retina and photoreceptors present around the same time. We used the Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST array to compare their expression profiles. Retina from 96 and 90 day human retina was isolated and either directly used for RNA extraction or cultured with IRBP-GFP lentivirus and then the GFP expressing cells were FACS out and used for RNA extraction.
2010-10-05 | E-GEOD-18487 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Comparison of gene expression profile between an 96 day human retina and photoreceptors present around the same time. We used the Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST array to compare their expression profiles.
2010-10-05 | GSE18487 | GEO
Project description:Generation of three-dimensional (3D) organoids with optic cup like structures from pluripotent stem cells has created opportunities for investigating mammalian retinal development in vitro. However, retinal organoids in culture do not completely reflect the developmental state and in vivo architecture of the rod-dominant mouse retina. To assess rod photoreceptor differentiation in retinal organoids, we took advantage of Nrl-GFP mice that show rod-specific expression of GFP directed by the promoter of leucine zipper transcription factor NRL. Using embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (ESCs and iPSCs, respectively) derived from the Nrl-GFP mouse, we were successful in establishing long-term retinal organoid cultures (up to day 35) using modified culture conditions (called High Efficiency Hypoxia Induced Generation of Photoreceptors in Retinal Organoids, or HIPRO). We demonstrate efficient differentiation of pluripotent stem cells to retinal structures, with over 70% of embryoid bodies forming optic vesicles at Day (D)7, >50% producing optic cups by D10, and a majority of these surviving until at least D35. The HIPRO organoids include distinct inner retina neurons in somewhat stratified architecture and mature Müller glia spanning the entire retina. Almost 70% of the cells in retinal organoids are rod photoreceptors that exhibit elongated cilia. Transcriptome profiles of GFP+ rod photoreceptors, purified from organoids at Day 25-35, demonstrate a high correlation to gene profiles of purified rods from mouse retina at postnatal day (P) 2 to 6, indicating their early state of differentiation. Our 3D retinal organoids thus closely mimic in vivo retinogenesis and provide an efficient in vitro model to investigate photoreceptor development and modeling disease pathology.
2016-09-09 | GSE86790 | GEO
Project description:The rd1 mouse retina is a well-studied model of retinal degeneration where rod photoreceptors undergo cell death beginning at postnatal day P10 until P21. This period coincides with photoreceptor terminal differentiation in a normal retina. We have used the rd1 retina as a model to investigate early molecular defects in developing rod photoreceptors prior to the onset of degeneration. Using a microarray approach, we performed gene profiling comparing rd1 and wild type retinas at four time points starting at P2, prior to any obvious biochemical or morphological differences, and concluding at P8, prior to the initiation of cell death. We have identified genes that are differentially regulated in the rd1 retina at early time points, which may give insights into developmental defects that precede photoreceptor cell death. This is the first report of PRA1 expression in the retina. Our data support the hypothesis that PRA1 plays an important role in vesicular trafficking between the Golgi and cilia in differentiating and mature rod photoreceptors. Retinal samples were harvested from both rd1/le and wt animals at postnatal days 2, 4, 6, and 8 for microarray. Each sample included 8-14 retinas and experiments were performed in quadruplicate. Ten micrograms of total RNA was used for cDNA systhesis in target molecule production.
2012-11-02 | E-GEOD-41821 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Rod and cone photoreceptors in mammalian retina are generated from common pool(s) of neuroepithelial progenitors. NRL, CRX and NR2E3 are key transcriptional regulators that control photoreceptor differentiation. Mutations in NR2E3, a rod-specific orphan nuclear receptor, lead to loss of rods, increased density of S-cones, and supernormal S-cone-mediated vision in humans. To better understand its in vivo function, NR2E3 was expressed ectopically in the Nrl-/- retina, where post-mitotic precursors fated to be rods develop into functional S-cones similar to the human NR2E3 disease. Expression of NR2E3 in the Nrl-/- retina completely suppressed cone differentiation and resulted in morphologically rod-like photoreceptors, which were not functional. Gene profiling of FACS-purified photoreceptors confirmed the role of NR2E3 as a strong suppressor of cone genes and an activator of a subset of rod genes (including rhodopsin) in vivo. Ectopic expression of NR2E3 in cone precursors and differentiating S-cones of wild type retina also generates rod-like cells. The dual regulatory function of NR2E3 is not dependent upon the presence of NRL and/or CRX, but on the timing and level of its expression. Our studies reveal a critical role of NR2E3 in establishing functional specificity of post-mitotic photoreceptor precursors during retinal neurogenesis. Experiment Overall Design: We mated the Crx::Nr2e3/Nrlko mice with the Nrl::GFP transgenic mice, in which the expression of GFP is driven by an Nrl promoter. Mouse retinas were dissected at 4 wk. GFP+ photoreceptors were enriched by FACS (FACSAria, BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ). RNA was extracted from 1~5x105 flow-sorted cells using Trizol (Invitrogen). Total RNA (40-60 ng) was used for linear amplification with Ovation Biotin labeling system (Nugen), and 2.75 ug of biotin-labeled fragmented cDNA was hybridized to mouse GeneChips MOE430.2.0 (Affymetrix) having 45,101 probesets (corresponding to over 39,000 transcripts, and 34,000 annotated mouse genes). Experiment Overall Design: Four independent samples were used at 4 weeks. We normalized Experiment Overall Design: Crx::Nr2e3/Nrl-ko-Gfp data along with Nrl-ko-Gfp 4 weeks samples ( 4 replicates, refer to Series submission GSE4051). The normalized data was then subjected to two stage analysis based on False Discovery Rate Confidence Interval (FDR-CI) for screening differentially expressed genes (24, 27) with a minimum fold change of 4.
2008-06-13 | E-GEOD-5338 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The rd1 mouse retina is a well-studied model of retinal degeneration where rod photoreceptors undergo cell death beginning at postnatal day P10 until P21. This period coincides with photoreceptor terminal differentiation in a normal retina. We have used the rd1 retina as a model to investigate early molecular defects in developing rod photoreceptors prior to the onset of degeneration. Using a microarray approach, we performed gene profiling comparing rd1 and wild type retinas at four time points starting at P2, prior to any obvious biochemical or morphological differences, and concluding at P8, prior to the initiation of cell death. We have identified genes that are differentially regulated in the rd1 retina at early time points, which may give insights into developmental defects that precede photoreceptor cell death. This is the first report of PRA1 expression in the retina. Our data support the hypothesis that PRA1 plays an important role in vesicular trafficking between the Golgi and cilia in differentiating and mature rod photoreceptors.
2012-11-02 | GSE41821 | GEO
Project description:Development of the vertebrate eye, like many developmental systems, depends on genes that are used iteratively in multiple distinct processes. The OTX2 transcription factor is one such gene, with a requirement for eye formation, photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium specification, among others. During the time period of retinal fate choice, OTX2 is expressed in subsets of retinal progenitor cells with restricted fate choices. However, given the multiple roles for OTX2 and limitations of conventional conditional knockout strategies, the functional significance of its expression is unknown. The present study reports the use of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to produce somatic mutations of OTX2 in the chick retina, and identifies similar phenotypes to those observed in human patients. In addition, single cell RNA sequencing was used to determine the functional consequences of OTX2 gene editing by CRISPR/Cas9 on the population of cells derived from OTX2-expressing retinal progenitor cells. This not only confirms that OTX2 is required for the generation of photoreceptors, but also for maintaining the proliferative potential of cells and suppressing the formation of specific retinal fates. These include specific subtypes of retinal ganglion and horizontal cells, suggesting that in this context OTX2 functions to repress sister cell fate choices. Upregulation of key transcription factors involved in the formation of these cells was observed suggesting that OTX2 is upstream of critical nodes of gene regulatory networks of these alternative fates.
2020-03-01 | GSE142244 | GEO
Project description:Rod and cone photoreceptors in mammalian retina are generated from common pool(s) of neuroepithelial progenitors. NRL, CRX and NR2E3 are key transcriptional regulators that control photoreceptor differentiation. Mutations in NR2E3, a rod-specific orphan nuclear receptor, lead to loss of rods, increased density of S-cones, and supernormal S-cone-mediated vision in humans. To better understand its in vivo function, NR2E3 was expressed ectopically in the Nrl-/- retina, where post-mitotic precursors fated to be rods develop into functional S-cones similar to the human NR2E3 disease. Expression of NR2E3 in the Nrl-/- retina completely suppressed cone differentiation and resulted in morphologically rod-like photoreceptors, which were not functional. Gene profiling of FACS-purified photoreceptors confirmed the role of NR2E3 as a strong suppressor of cone genes and an activator of a subset of rod genes (including rhodopsin) in vivo. Ectopic expression of NR2E3 in cone precursors and differentiating S-cones of wild type retina also generates rod-like cells. The dual regulatory function of NR2E3 is not dependent upon the presence of NRL and/or CRX, but on the timing and level of its expression. Our studies reveal a critical role of NR2E3 in establishing functional specificity of post-mitotic photoreceptor precursors during retinal neurogenesis. Keywords: genetic modification
2006-08-18 | GSE5338 | GEO
Project description:The rod photoreceptor-specific neural retina leucine zipper protein Nrl is essential for rod differentiation and plays a critical role in regulating gene expression. In the mouse retina, rods account for 97% of the photoreceptors; however, in the absence of Nrl (Nrl-/-), no rods are present and a concomitant increase in cones is observed. Using mouse GeneChips (Affymetrix), we have generated expression profiles of the wild-type and Nrl-/- retina at three time-points representing distinct stages of photoreceptor differentiation. Experiment Overall Design: Both the Nrl-/- mice and wild type controls were of a matched mixed genetic background (R1 and C57BL/6 strains).
2009-10-30 | E-GEOD-8972 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Cone photoreceptors in retina degeneration mouse models degenerate from the center to the periphery. However, the far peripheral cones survive long-term. We found that retinoic acid signaling is both necessary and sufficient for cone survival.
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