Clostridium thermocellum DSM 1313 Transcriptional Responses to Redox Perturbation
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Acetivibrio thermocellus DSM 1313 Acetivibrio thermocellus ATCC 27405
PROVIDER: GSE71465 | GEO | 2015/07/29
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA291289
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Clostridium thermocellum is a promising CBP candidate organism capable of directly converting lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol. Low yields, productivities and growth inhibition prevent industrial deployment of this organism for commodity fuel production. Symptoms of potential redox imbalance such as incomplete substrate utilization, and fermentation products characteristic of overflow metabolism, have been observed during growth. This perceived redox imbalance may be in part responsible for the mentioned bioproductivity limitations. Toward better understanding the redox metabolism of C. thermocellum, we analyzed gene expression, using microarrays, during addition of two stress chemicals (methyl viologen and hydrogen peroxide) which we observed to change fermentation redox potential. High quality RNA was extracted from C. thermocellum grown on cellobiose in chemostat culture and exposed, separately, to methyl viologen and hydrogen peroxide. Transcriptome profiles were obtained at seven time points during actively growing fermentations, 3 minutes, 15 minutes, 35 minutes, 7 hours, 14 hours, 50 hours, and 60 hours after beginning exposure to each stressor. Exposure treatments were carried out in duplicate and reference/untreated samples were taken before and between treatments, after flushing of stressor chemicals and re-equilibration of growth conditions.
2015-07-29 | E-GEOD-71465 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The thermophilic anaerobe Clostridium thermocellum is a candidate consolidated bioprocessing biocatalyst for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into ethanol. The microorganism expresses enzymes for both cellulose solubilization and fermentation to produce lignocellulosic ethanol making it a good candidate for industrial biofuel production. Intolerance to stresses routinely encountered during industrial fermentations may hinder the commercial development of this organism. A recently published study by Yang et al., (2012) characterized the physiological and regulatory response of C. thermocellum to ethanol supplementation. Significant changes in nitrogen metabolism and an accumulation of carbon sources were identified, revealing potential targets for metabolic engineering. In the current study, the response of C. thermocellum to heat and furfural shock were compared with the known effects of ethanol shock. Improved tolerance to these stresses are desirable traits for C. thermocellum and further understanding of the effects that these particular stresses have on the organism are the focus of this work. A forty one array study using total RNA recovered from wild-type cultures of Clostridium thermocellum at different time points of 10, 30, 60, and 120 min post-treatment with 3.95 g.L-1 ethanol, 4 g.L-1 furfural or 68°C treatment compred to that of control without treatment. At least two biological replicates were performed for each treatment and control condition.
2013-01-01 | E-GEOD-40402 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Background: The thermophilic anaerobe Clostridium thermocellum is a candidate consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) biocatalyst for cellulosic ethanol production. It is capable of both cellulose solubilization and its fermentation to produce lignocellulosic ethanol. Intolerance to stresses routinely encountered during industrial fermentations may hinder the commercial development of this organism. Results: In this study, C. thermocellum was grown to mid-exponential phase and treated with furfural or heat to a final concentration of 3 g.L-1 or 68°C respectively to investigate physiological and regulatory responses. Samples were taken at 10, 30, 60 and 120 min post-shock, and from untreated control fermentations, for transcriptomic analyses and selected extracellular metabolite determinations and compared to a published dataset from an ethanol stress study. In total 1,474 genes were differentially expressed significantly in at least a single time point for a given stressor. One hundred and forty three common genes were differentially expressed for heat, furfural and ethanol stressors including up-regulated genes encoding DNA repair enzymes, Hsp20, sulfate transporter subunits and enzymes in the sulfate assimilatory pathway. Conclusions: This study has identified C. thermocellum gene regulatory motifs and aspects of physiology and gene regulation for further study. The nexus between future systems biology studies and recently developed genetic tools for C. thermocellum offers the potential for more rapid strain development and for broader insights into this organism’s physiology and regulation.
2013-01-01 | GSE40402 | GEO
Project description:Clostridium thermocellum is a candidate for cellulosic ethanol production. It expresses enzymes for both cellulose solubilization and its fermentation to produce lignocellulosic ethanol. Understanding how this organism regulates gene expression is of importance for developing a better fundamental understanding of this industrial relevant bacterium. We are primarily interested in gene regulation by three predicted LacI regulators. A previous report of one LacI regulator in C. thermocellum ATCC27405 (Cthe_2808) indicated this was a transcriptional repressor of neighboring genes with repressor activity relieved in the presence of laminaribiose (a β-1,3 disaccharide). The current work is aimed at understanding if a homolog of this LacI transcriptional regulator in C. thermocellum DSM1313 and two others putatively characterized as LacI regulators are in fact global regulatory proteins with extensive regulons or, if like the majority of LacI transcription factors, the regulation is limited to local genomic regions. Each of the three LacI regulators was deleted in C. thermocellum DSM1313. Genome re-sequencing was used to confirm the deletion and ensure nonspecific recombination events were avoided during the gene deletion strategy. Growth of each strain on cellobiose was unaffected by any of the gene deletions under pH controlled fermentations. Global gene expression patterns taken at mid-log phase for each strain identified glycoside hydrolase genes encoding hemicellulases, including cellulosomal enzymes, that were highly up-regulated (up to 9 fold) in the absence of each LacI regulator. Thus suggesting these were repressed under wild type conditions. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays have confirmed LacI transcription factor binding to specific regions of gene promoters with putative motifs ranging from 16-18 bp. Work is ongoing to confirm the specific binding motif recognized by the two previously un-characterized transcription factors and assess the occurrence of this motif in the C. thermocellum DSM1313 genome. The identification of LacI repressor activity on hemicellulose gene expression is a key result of this work and will add to the small body of existing literature on the area of gene regulation in C. thermocellum.
2015-10-31 | GSE68423 | GEO
Project description:Clostridium thermocellum is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium that ferments cellulose into ethanol. It is a candidate industrial consolidated bioprocess (CBP) biocatalyst for lignocellulosic bioethanol production. However, C. thermocellum is relatively sensitive to ethanol compared to yeast. Previous studies have investigated the membrane and protein composition of wild-type and ethanol tolerant strains, but relatively little is known about the genome changes associated with the ethanol tolerant C. thermocellum strain. In this study, C. thermocellum cultures were grown to mid-exponential phase and then either shocked with the supplementation of ethanol to a final concentration of 3.95 g/L (equal to 0.5% [v/v]) or were untreated. Samples were taken pre-shock and 2, 12, 30, 60, 120, 240 min post-shock for multiple systems biology analyses. The addition of ethanol dramatically reduced the C. thermocellum growth and the final cell density was approximately half of the control fermentations, with concomitant reductions in substrate consumption in the treated cultures. The response of C. thermocellum to ethanol was dynamic and involved more than six hundred genes that were significantly and differentially expressed between the different conditions over time and every functional category was represented. Cellobiose was accumulated within the ethanol-shocked C. thermocellum cells, as well as the sugar phosphates such as fructose-6-P and cellobiose-6-P. The comparison and correlation among intracellular metabolites, proteomic and transcriptomics profiles as well as the ethanol effects on cellulosome, hydrogenase glycolysis and nitrogen metabolism are discussed, which led us to propose that C. thermocellum may utilize the nitrogen metabolism to bypass the arrested carbon metabolism in responding to ethanol stress shock, and the nitrogen metabolic pathway and redox balance may be the key target for improving ethanol tolerance and production in C. thermocellum.
2012-08-16 | GSE25236 | GEO
Project description:Clostridium thermocellum is a candidate for cellulosic ethanol production. It expresses enzymes for both cellulose solubilization and its fermentation to produce lignocellulosic ethanol. Understanding how this organism regulates gene expression is of importance for developing a better fundamental understanding of this industrial relevant bacterium. We are primarily interested in gene regulation by three predicted LacI regulators. A previous report of one LacI regulator in C. thermocellum ATCC27405 (Cthe_2808) indicated this was a transcriptional repressor of neighboring genes with repressor activity relieved in the presence of laminaribiose (a β-1,3 disaccharide). The current work is aimed at understanding if a homolog of this LacI transcriptional regulator in C. thermocellum DSM1313 and two others putatively characterized as LacI regulators are in fact global regulatory proteins with extensive regulons or, if like the majority of LacI transcription factors, the regulation is limited to local genomic regions. Each of the three LacI regulators was deleted in C. thermocellum DSM1313. Genome re-sequencing was used to confirm the deletion and ensure nonspecific recombination events were avoided during the gene deletion strategy. Growth of each strain on cellobiose was unaffected by any of the gene deletions under pH controlled fermentations. Global gene expression patterns taken at mid-log phase for each strain identified glycoside hydrolase genes encoding hemicellulases, including cellulosomal enzymes, that were highly up-regulated (up to 9 fold) in the absence of each LacI regulator. Thus suggesting these were repressed under wild type conditions. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays have confirmed LacI transcription factor binding to specific regions of gene promoters with putative motifs ranging from 16-18 bp. Work is ongoing to confirm the specific binding motif recognized by the two previously un-characterized transcription factors and assess the occurrence of this motif in the C. thermocellum DSM1313 genome. The identification of LacI repressor activity on hemicellulose gene expression is a key result of this work and will add to the small body of existing literature on the area of gene regulation in C. thermocellum. Four strains of C. thermocellum DSM1313 including a parental strain (Îhpt) and three others with deletion in lacI transcription factors were characterised by RNA-seq. The strains were grown in 1L bioreactors, cells (from 50 ml samples) were harvested at mid exponential, late exponential and 30 min after acid production halted during the transition to stationary phase. The growth studies were performed in triplicate and thirty six samples were analyzed by RNA-sequencing.
2015-10-31 | E-GEOD-68423 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Investigation of sulfur metabolism in Clostridium thermocellum DSM 1313 ∆hpt, to determine growth and gene expression when the organism is incubated with either the oxidized (i.e., sulfate) or the reduced and assimilated (i.e., cysteine) forms of sulfur. A sulfite reductase (∆hpt ∆SO3R) knockout mutant to limit sulfur assimilation was created to compare the resulting gene expression patterns by RNAseq transciptomics against the parental strain (∆hpt) when both are grown in the presence of sulfate. Additionally, we bypass the sulfate auxotrophy of the mutant by providing assimilated sulfur in the form of cysteine to determine whether growth is restored to normal and whether methionine can be biosynthesized by yet uncharacterized pathways in this organism.
2020-11-01 | GSE100047 | GEO
Project description:Clostridium thermocellum is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium that ferments cellulose into ethanol. It is a candidate industrial consolidated bioprocess (CBP) biocatalyst for lignocellulosic bioethanol production. However, C. thermocellum is relatively sensitive to ethanol compared to yeast. Previous studies have investigated the membrane and protein composition of wild-type and ethanol tolerant strains, but relatively little is known about the genome changes associated with the ethanol tolerant C. thermocellum strain. In this study, C. thermocellum cultures were grown to mid-exponential phase and then either shocked with the supplementation of ethanol to a final concentration of 3.95 g/L (equal to 0.5% [v/v]) or were untreated. Samples were taken pre-shock and 2, 12, 30, 60, 120, 240 min post-shock for multiple systems biology analyses. The addition of ethanol dramatically reduced the C. thermocellum growth and the final cell density was approximately half of the control fermentations, with concomitant reductions in substrate consumption in the treated cultures. The response of C. thermocellum to ethanol was dynamic and involved more than six hundred genes that were significantly and differentially expressed between the different conditions over time and every functional category was represented. Cellobiose was accumulated within the ethanol-shocked C. thermocellum cells, as well as the sugar phosphates such as fructose-6-P and cellobiose-6-P. The comparison and correlation among intracellular metabolites, proteomic and transcriptomics profiles as well as the ethanol effects on cellulosome, hydrogenase glycolysis and nitrogen metabolism are discussed, which led us to propose that C. thermocellum may utilize the nitrogen metabolism to bypass the arrested carbon metabolism in responding to ethanol stress shock, and the nitrogen metabolic pathway and redox balance may be the key target for improving ethanol tolerance and production in C. thermocellum. A thirty array study using total RNA recovered from wild-type cultures of Clostridium thermocellum at different time points of 0, 12, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min post-inoculation with 3.95 g/L [0.5% (v/v)] treatment compred to that of control without ethanol supplementation. Two biological replicates for treatment and control condition.
2012-08-16 | E-GEOD-25236 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The thermophilic anaerobe Clostridium thermocellum is a candidate consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) biocatalyst for cellulosic ethanol production. It expresses enzymes for both cellulose solubilization and its fermentation to produce lignocellulosic ethanol. To gain insights into the C. thermocellum genes, using an updated version of the C. thermocellum ATCC 27405 genome annotation, that are required for specific growth on the cellulosic feedstocks of either pretreated switchgrass or Populus, duplicate fermentations were conducted with a 5 g/L solid substrate loading. High quality RNA was extracted using a method we report for C. thermocellum grown on solid substrates. Transcriptome profiles were obtained at two time points during actively growing fermentations (12 h and 37 h post inoculation). A comparison of two transcriptomic analytical techniques, microarray and RNAseq, was performed and the data analyzed for statistical significance. When thresholds for genes passing significance of FDR>0.05 were applied, microarray (2351 genes) had a greater number of significant genes relative to RNA-seq (280 genes when normalized by KDMM). When a 2-fold difference in expression threshold was applied, seventy-three genes were significantly differentially expressed in common between the two techniques. We identified genes differentially expressed when C. thermocellum ATC 27405 was grown on the two biomass substrates, with two putative efflux/transport systems highly differentially regulated (>5-fold). This study has revealed consistency between these two transcriptomics analytical platforms that gives confidence in our switch from the DNA microarray platform to an RNAseq based platform for routine transcriptomics analyses.
2013-05-16 | GSE47010 | GEO
Project description:Determine overall gene expression profiles; RNA expression observed in stationary relative to exponential phase cells of strain Clostridum thermocellum (ATCC 27405) grown on cellobiose; Comparative RNA expression of 3 Clostridium thermocellu strains (DSM 1237, 2650, and 4150) grown to mid exponential phase on cellobiose; Verify whether observed differences in fermentation end-product ratios are reflected in differences in RNA expression profiles. RNA-seq data will be compared with the same experiments performed with proteomic experiments; Compare gene expression across relative strains.
2014-10-26 | GSE51744 | GEO