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Dynamic changes in E protein activity orchestrate germinal center and plasma cell development [ChIP-Seq]

ABSTRACT: Humoral immunity requires the generation of high-affinity antibodies, which involves the generation of germinal centres (GC) promoting class switch and affinity maturation of antigen-specific B cells, and the differentiation of long-lived plasma cells. This multi-layered process is tightly controlled by the activity of a transcriptional network including Bcl6, essential for the development of GC, and Blimp1, required for the differentiation of plasma cells. Here, we reveal an additional layer of complexity by demonstrating that dynamic changes in E-protein activity mediated by Id3 govern both GC and plasma cell differentiation. We show that down-regulation of Id3 expression in B cells in essential for releasing E2A and E2-2, the combined activity of which is required for both GC B cell and plasma cell differentiation. We demonstrate that this pathway controls the expression of multiple key factors required for antigen-induced B cell differentiation, including Blimp1, Xbp1, Mef2b and CXCR4 and is therefore critical for establishing the transcriptional network that controls GC B cell and plasma cell differentiation.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE72828 | GEO | 2016/05/13

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA295178

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Dynamic changes in E protein activity orchestrate germinal center and plasma cell development [RNA-Seq]

Project description:Humoral immunity requires the generation of high-affinity antibodies, which involves the generation of germinal centres (GC) promoting class switch and affinity maturation of antigen-specific B cells, and the differentiation of long-lived plasma cells. This multi-layered process is tightly controlled by the activity of a transcriptional network including Bcl6, essential for the development of GC, and Blimp1, required for the differentiation of plasma cells. Here, we reveal an additional layer of complexity by demonstrating that dynamic changes in E-protein activity mediated by Id3 govern both GC and plasma cell differentiation. We show that down-regulation of Id3 expression in B cells in essential for releasing E2A and E2-2, the combined activity of which is required for both GC B cell and plasma cell differentiation. We demonstrate that this pathway controls the expression of multiple key factors required for antigen-induced B cell differentiation, including Blimp1, Xbp1, Mef2b and CXCR4 and is therefore critical for establishing the transcriptional network that controls GC B cell and plasma cell differentiation. Transcriptional profiling of wild type, Id3 knockout and E2A/E22 double knockout B cells using RNA sequencing

2016-05-13 | E-GEOD-72831 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Dynamic changes in E protein activity orchestrate germinal center and plasma cell development [ChIP-Seq]

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Dynamic changes in E protein activity orchestrate germinal center and plasma cell development [RNA-Seq]

2016-05-13 | GSE72831 | GEO

BLIMP1 controls GC B cell expansion and exit through regulating cell cycle progression and key transcription factors BCL6 and IRF4

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Genome-wide maps of chromatin state in Germinal Center B cells.

Project description:Protection against deadly pathogens requires the production of high-affinity antibodies by B cells. High-affinity antibody-forming cells are generated in germinal centers (GC) as a result of a developmental program that is commonly altered in B cell malignancies. Identification of regulators of the GC response is crucial to develop targeted therapies for GC B cell dysfunctions including lymphomas. The Histone H3 lysine-27 methyltransferase Enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is highly expressed in GC B cells and often constitutively activated in GC-derived Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), but its function in these cells remains largely unknown. Herein, we show that Ezh2 inactivation in mouse GC B cells causes a profound impairment in GC responses, memory B cell formation and humoral immunity. Mechanistically, Ezh2 protected GC B cells against AID mutagenesis, facilitated cell-cycle progression independent of p16INK4a repression and silenced plasma cell determinants Blimp1 and Irf4. Likewise, EZH2 inhibition in GC-derived NHL cells induced tumor suppressor BLIMP1, which impaired tumor growth. In conclusion, in GC B cells Ezh2 sustains AID function and prevents terminal differentiation to allow antibody diversification and affinity maturation. Dysregulation of such mechanisms may facilitate lymphomagenesis and identifies EZH2 as possible therapeutic target in NHL and other GC-derived B cell diseases. In this study, two independent primary samples of splenic GC B cells from C5/BL/6J mice were subjected to H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 ChIP-sequencing. A totale of 6 samples, including input samples, were subjected to ultra-deep sequencing.

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Id3 Orchestrates Germinal Center B Cell Development

Project description:Previous studies have demonstrated that E-proteins induce AID expression in activated B cells. Here we have examined the role of Id3 in germinal center (GC) cells. We found that Id3 expression is high in follicular B-lineage cells but declines in GC cells. Immunized mice depleted for Id3 expression displayed a block in germinal center B cell maturation, showed reduced numbers of marginal zone B cells and class switched cells, were associated with decreased antibody titers and lower numbers of plasma cells. In vitro Id3-depleted B cells displayed a defect in class switch recombination. Whereas AID levels were not altered in Id3-depleted activated B cells, the expression of a subset of genes encoding for signaling components of antigen receptor, cytokine receptor and chemokine receptor mediated signaling was significantly impaired. We propose that during the GC reaction Id3 levels decline to activate the expression of genes encoding for signaling components that mediate B cell receptor and or cytokine-mediated signaling to promote the differentiation of GC B cells.

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Genome-wide maps of chromatin state in Germinal Center B cells.

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