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Widespread shortening of 3’ untranslated regions and increased exon inclusion characterize the human macrophage response to infection [mRNA]

ABSTRACT: Changes in gene regulation have long been known to play important roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, post-transcriptional mechanisms involved in mRNA processing have been poorly studied despite emerging examples of their role as regulators of immune defenses. We sought to investigate the role of mRNA processing in the cellular responses of human macrophages to live bacterial infections.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE73502 | GEO | 2016/09/06

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA297859

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Widespread shortening of 3’ untranslated regions and increased exon inclusion characterize the human macrophage response to infection [miRNA]

Project description:Changes in gene regulation have long been known to play important roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, post-transcriptional mechanisms involved in mRNA processing have been poorly studied despite emerging examples of their role as regulators of immune defenses. We sought to investigate the role of mRNA processing in the cellular responses of human macrophages to live bacterial infections.

2016-09-06 | GSE73478 | GEO

Widespread shortening of 3â?? untranslated regions and increased exon inclusion characterize the human macrophage response to infection [miRNA]

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Widespread shortening of 3â untranslated regions and increased exon inclusion characterize the human macrophage response to infection [mRNA]

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Widespread shortening of 3' untranslated regions and increased exon inclusion characterize the human macrophage response to infection

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below. Refer to individual Series

2016-09-06 | E-GEOD-73765 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Widespread shortening of 3' untranslated regions and increased exon inclusion characterize the human macrophage response to infection

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

2016-09-06 | GSE73765 | GEO

Widespread Shortening of 3' Untranslated Regions and Increased Exon Inclusion Are Evolutionarily Conserved Features of Innate Immune Responses to Infection.

Project description:The contribution of pre-mRNA processing mechanisms to the regulation of immune responses remains poorly studied despite emerging examples of their role as regulators of immune defenses. We sought to investigate the role of mRNA processing in the cellular responses of human macrophages to live bacterial infections. Here, we used mRNA sequencing to quantify gene expression and isoform abundances in primary macrophages from 60 individuals, before and after infection with Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium. In response to both bacteria we identified thousands of genes that significantly change isoform usage in response to infection, characterized by an overall increase in isoform diversity after infection. In response to both bacteria, we found global shifts towards (i) the inclusion of cassette exons and (ii) shorter 3' UTRs, with near-universal shifts towards usage of more upstream polyadenylation sites. Using complementary data collected in non-human primates, we show that these features are evolutionarily conserved among primates. Following infection, we identify candidate RNA processing factors whose expression is associated with individual-specific variation in isoform abundance. Finally, by profiling microRNA levels, we show that 3' UTRs with reduced abundance after infection are significantly enriched for target sites for particular miRNAs. These results suggest that the pervasive usage of shorter 3' UTRs is a mechanism for particular genes to evade repression by immune-activated miRNAs. Collectively, our results suggest that dynamic changes in RNA processing may play key roles in the regulation of innate immune responses.

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Identification of mRNA processing complexes bound to histone H2A.2 3’ untranslated region

Project description:Processing of 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) of precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNA) is a fundamental step in mRNA maturation, where the mRNA transcript is cleaved at a specific site, located downstream the open reading frame of the encoded gene. The position of the cleavage site is determined by cis-acting RNA sequence elements, which are recognized with high specificity by large 3’ end processing multiprotein complexes. Two main categories of metazoan 3’ pre-mRNA processing have been identified so far, describing elaboration of either canonical mRNAs – occurring during all phases of the cell cycle and containing a characteristic Poly-Adenylation Signal (PAS) element – or histone mRNAs – prevalently occurring during the S phase and containing a Histone Downstream Element (HDE). In this work, we isolate both human endogenous canonical and histone 3’ pre-mRNA processing complexes from human nuclear extracts by using a pre-mRNA containing the 3’UTR sequence of replication-dependent histone H2A.2. This H2A.2 pre-mRNA (H2A_4m), containing both an HDE sequence and a PAS element in a native overlaid position, was modified with a 5’ photocleavable biotin tag, and with modification of few bases to allow complex assembly and purification by affinity chromatography on streptavidin-agarose beads, elution by UV irradiation and subsequent mass spectrometric identification of bound 3’ mRNA processing factors.

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Identification of human mRNA processing complexes bound to histone H2A.2 3’ untranslated region

2022-12-09 | PXD027636 | Pride

Global changes in processing of 3'-UTR characterize clinically distinct tumor types

Project description:We used a novel probe-level microarray analysis, revealing connections between mRNA processing and lymphoid neoplasia, in a mouse leukemia model. Characteristic differences in mRNA processing, primarily in the 3’-untranslated region, distinguished histologically similar tumor subtypes with different survival characteristics. Gene sets with specific processing in each tumor subtype defined signatures useful for tumor subclassification, as demonstrated by internal cross-validation with up to 80% discrimination accuracy. A combination of mRNA expression and sequence analysis suggested that differences in isoform abundance likely arose from both alternative polyadenylation and differential degradation.

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Widespread transcript shortening through alternative polyadenylation in secretory cell differentiation.

Project description:Most eukaryotic genes produce alternative polyadenylation (APA) isoforms. Here we report that, unlike previously characterized cell lineages, differentiation of syncytiotrophoblast (SCT), a cell type critical for hormone production and secretion during pregnancy, elicits widespread transcript shortening through APA in 3'UTRs and in introns. This global APA change is observed in multiple in vitro trophoblast differentiation models, and in single cells from placentas at different stages of pregnancy. Strikingly, the transcript shortening is unrelated to cell proliferation, a feature previously associated with APA control, but instead accompanies increased secretory functions. We show that 3'UTR shortening leads to transcripts with higher mRNA stability, which augments transcriptional activation, especially for genes involved in secretion. Moreover, this mechanism, named secretion-coupled APA (SCAP), is also executed in B cell differentiation to plasma cells. Together, our data indicate that SCAP tailors the transcriptome during formation of secretory cells, boosting their protein production and secretion capacity.

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