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Geminivirus-encoded TrAP suppressor inhibits the histone methyltransferase SUVH4/KYP to counter host defense.

ABSTRACT: Transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) can serve as an innate immunity against invading DNA viruses throughout Eukaryotes. Geminivirus code for TrAP protein to suppress the TGS pathway. Here we identified an Arabidopsis H3K9me2 histone methyltransferase, Su(var)3-9 homolog 4 (SUVH4/KYP), as a bona fide cellular target of TrAP. TrAP interacts with the catalytic domain of KYP and inhibits its activity in vitro. TrAP elicits developmental anomalies phenocopying several TGS mutants, reduces the repressive H3K9me2 mark and CHH DNA methylation, and reactivates numerous endogenous KYP-repressed loci in vivo. Moreover, KYP binds to the viral chromatin, and controls its methylation to combat virus infection. Notably, kyp mutants support systemic infection of TrAP-deficient Geminivirus. We conclude that TrAP attenuates the TGS of the viral chromatin by inhibiting KYP activity to evade host surveillance. These findings provide new insight on the molecular arms race between host antiviral defense and virus counter defense at an epigenetic level.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE73586 | GEO | 2015/09/30

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA297369

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Arabidopsis thaliana

Project description:Geminivirus-encoded TrAP suppressor inhibits the histone methyltransferase SUVH4/KYP to counter host defense.

| PRJNA297369 | ENA

Geminivirus-encoded TrAP suppressor inhibits the histone methyltransferase SUVH4/KYP to counter host defense.

Project description:Transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) can serve as an innate immunity against invading DNA viruses throughout Eukaryotes. Geminivirus code for TrAP protein to suppress the TGS pathway. Here, we identified an Arabidopsis H3K9me2 histone methyltransferase, Su(var)3-9 homolog 4/Kryptonite (SUVH4/KYP), as a bona fide cellular target of TrAP. TrAP interacts with the catalytic domain of KYP and inhibits its activity in vitro. TrAP elicits developmental anomalies phenocopying several TGS mutants, reduces the repressive H3K9me2 mark and CHH DNA methylation, and reactivates numerous endogenous KYP-repressed loci in vivo. Moreover, KYP binds to the viral chromatin and controls its methylation to combat virus infection. Notably, kyp mutants support systemic infection of TrAP-deficient Geminivirus. We conclude that TrAP attenuates the TGS of the viral chromatin by inhibiting KYP activity to evade host surveillance. These findings provide new insight on the molecular arms race between host antiviral defense and virus counter defense at an epigenetic level.

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Autocatalytic differentiation of epigenetic modifications within the Arabidopsis genome

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the following subset Series: GSE22953: Genome-wide analysis of H3K9me2 in ibm1, kyp, and cmt3 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana GSE22957: Genome-wide expression analysis in kyp and cmt3 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana Refer to individual Series

2010-09-21 | E-GEOD-23030 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Genome-wide expression analysis in kyp and cmt3 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana

Project description:Investigation of genome-wide expression in the mutant of histone H3K9 methyltransferase KRYPTONITE (KYP) or DNA methyltransferase CHROMOMETHYLASE3 (CMT3) in Arabidopsis. These mutants showed decrease in H3K9 methylation and DNA methylation levels, and transcriptional activation at transposons and repeats. Using NimbleGen DNA microarray, global pattern of expression of genes and transposons were examined in these mutants.

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Meiotic cohesin, chromatin and expression profiling of Arabidopsis thaliana floral buds from wild type and non-CG DNA methylation/H3K9me2 pathway mutant plants (RNA-seq)

Project description:To investigate the impact of disruption of the non-CG DNA methylation/H3K9me2 pathway upon transcription in Arabidopsis, we performed RNA-seq using meiotic-stage floral buds from wild type (Col-0) and kyp/suvh4 suvh5 suvh6 mutant plants. This enabled identification of differentially expressed genes and transposable elements (TEs). TEs that were up-regulated in kyp/suvh4 suvh5 suvh6 relative to wild type were evaluated for over-representation of elements within each TE family.

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Deep-sequencing of total RNA from manually dissected wild-type and kyp-2m/KYPp Arabidopsis embryos

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Project description:Heterochromatin constitutes a fundamental aspect of genomes that is crucial for maintaining genome stability. In flowering plants, maintenance of heterochromatin relies on a positive feedback loop involving the histone 3 lysine nine methyltransferase (H3K9), KRYPTONITE (KYP), and the DNA methyltransferase, CHROMOMETHYLASE3 (CMT3). An H3K9 demethylase, INCREASED IN BONSAI METHYLATION 1 (IBM1), has evolved to modulate the activity of KYP-CMT3 within transcribed genes. The absence of IBM1 activity results in aberrant methylation of gene bodies, which is deleterious. This study demonstrates extensive genetic and gene expression variations in KYP, CMT3, and IBM1 within and between flowering plant species. IBM1 activity in Arabidopsis thaliana is uniquely regulated by the abundance of H3K9me2 in a repetitive sequence within an intron preceding the histone demethylase domain. This mechanism enables IBM1 to monitor global levels of H3K9me2. We discovered that the methylated intron is prevalent across flowering plants, however, its underlying sequence exhibits dynamic evolution. Its absence in species lacking gene body DNA methylation suggests its primary role in sensing H3K9me2 and preventing its integration into these constitutively expressed genes. Furthermore, our investigation uncovered Arabidopsis thaliana accessions resembling weak ibm1 mutants, several Brassicaceae species with reduced IBM1 expression, and a potential IBM1 deletion. Evolution towards reduced IBM1 activity in some flowering plants could explain the frequent natural occurrence of diminished or lost CMT3 activity, as cmt3 mutants in A. thaliana mitigate the deleterious effects of IBM1.

2024-05-10 | GSE252913 | GEO

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