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Auxin-independent NAC pathway regulates cell wall metabolism in response to explant-specific wounding during regeneration in Arabidopsis

ABSTRACT: This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE74587 | GEO | 2015/12/31

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA300873

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Auxin-independent NAC pathway regulates cell wall metabolism in response to explant-specific wounding during regeneration in Arabidopsis

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below. Refer to individual Series

2015-12-31 | E-GEOD-74587 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Auxin-independent NAC pathway regulates cell wall metabolism in response to explant-specific wounding during regeneration in Arabidopsis II

Project description:In this study, through a genome-wide transcriptome analysis of wounding in the leaf explant, we identified NAC1 (petunia NAM and Arabidopsis ATAF1, ATAF2, and CUC2) family transcription factor gene that acts in response to wounding and functions in regulation of cell wall metabolism.

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Auxin-independent NAC pathway regulates cell wall metabolism in response to explant-specific wounding during regeneration in Arabidopsis I

2015-12-31 | GSE74584 | GEO

Auxin-independent NAC pathway regulates cell wall metabolism in response to explant-specific wounding during regeneration in Arabidopsis II

2015-12-31 | E-GEOD-74585 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Auxin-independent NAC pathway regulates cell wall metabolism in response to explant-specific wounding during regeneration in Arabidopsis I

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Auxin-independent NAC pathway regulates cell wall metabolism in response to explant-specific wounding during regeneration in Arabidopsis

Project description:Auxin-independent NAC pathway regulates cell wall metabolism in response to explant-specific wounding during regeneration in Arabidopsis

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The main auxin biosynthesis pathway in Arabidopsis.

Project description:The phytohormone auxin plays critical roles in the regulation of plant growth and development. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) has been recognized as the major auxin for more than 70 y. Although several pathways have been proposed, how auxin is synthesized in plants is still unclear. Previous genetic and enzymatic studies demonstrated that both TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS (TAA) and YUCCA (YUC) flavin monooxygenase-like proteins are required for biosynthesis of IAA during plant development, but these enzymes were placed in two independent pathways. In this article, we demonstrate that the TAA family produces indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) and the YUC family functions in the conversion of IPA to IAA in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) by a quantification method of IPA using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem MS. We further show that YUC protein expressed in Escherichia coli directly converts IPA to IAA. Indole-3-acetaldehyde is probably not a precursor of IAA in the IPA pathway. Our results indicate that YUC proteins catalyze a rate-limiting step of the IPA pathway, which is the main IAA biosynthesis pathway in Arabidopsis.

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Tryptophan-independent auxin biosynthesis contributes to early embryogenesis in Arabidopsis.

Project description:The phytohormone auxin regulates nearly all aspects of plant growth and development. Tremendous achievements have been made in elucidating the tryptophan (Trp)-dependent auxin biosynthetic pathway; however, the genetic evidence, key components, and functions of the Trp-independent pathway remain elusive. Here we report that the Arabidopsis indole synthase mutant is defective in the long-anticipated Trp-independent auxin biosynthetic pathway and that auxin synthesized through this spatially and temporally regulated pathway contributes significantly to the establishment of the apical-basal axis, which profoundly affects the early embryogenesis in Arabidopsis. These discoveries pave an avenue for elucidating the Trp-independent auxin biosynthetic pathway and its functions in regulating plant growth and development.

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4-Phenylbutyric acid promotes plant regeneration as an auxin by being converted to phenylacetic acid via an IBR3-independent pathway.

Project description:4-Phenylbutyric acid (4PBA) is utilized as a drug to treat urea cycle disorders and is also being studied as a potential anticancer drug that acts via its histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor activity. During a search to find small molecules that affect plant regeneration in Arabidopsis, we found that 4PBA treatment promotes this process by mimicking the effect of exogenous auxin. Specifically, plant tissue culture experiments revealed that a medium containing 4PBA enhances callus formation and subsequent shoot regeneration. Analyses with auxin-responsive or cytokinin-responsive marker lines demonstrated that 4PBA specifically enhances AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF)-dependent auxin responses. Our western blot analyses showed that 4PBA treatment does not enhance histone acetylation in Arabidopsis, in contrast to butyric acid and trichostatin A, other chemicals often used as HDAC inhibitors, suggesting this mechanism of action does not explain the observed effect of 4PBA on regeneration. Finally, mass spectroscopic analysis and genetic approaches uncovered that 4PBA in Arabidopsis plants is converted to phenylacetic acid (PAA), a known natural auxin, in a manner independent of peroxisomal IBR3-related β-oxidation. This study demonstrates that 4PBA application promotes regeneration in explants via its auxin activity and has potential applications to not only plant tissue culture engineering but also research on the plant β-oxidation pathway.

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The plant hormone auxin directs timing of xylem development by inhibition of secondary cell wall deposition through repression of secondary wall NAC-domain transcription factors.

Project description:Wood formation in higher plants is a complex and costly developmental process regulated by a complex network of transcription factors, short peptide signals and hormones. Correct spatiotemporal initiation of differentiation and downstream developmental stages is vital for proper wood formation. Members of the NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC) family of transcription factors are described as top level regulators of xylem cell fate and secondary cell wall (SCW) deposition, but the signals initiating their transcription have yet to be elucidated. We found that treatment of Populus stems with auxin repressed transcription of NAC transcription factors associated with fiber and SCW formation and induced vessel-specific NACs, whereas gibberellic acid (GA) induced the expression of both classes of NAC domain transcription factors involved in wood formation. These transcriptional changes were reflected in alterations of stem anatomy, i.e. auxin treatment reduced cell wall thickness, whereas GA had a promotive effect on SCW deposition and on the rate of wood formation. Similar changes were observed on treatment of Arabidopsis thaliana stems with GA or the synthetic auxin NAA. We also observed corresponding changes in PIN5 overexpressing lines, where interference with auxin transport leads to premature SCW deposition and formation of additional fiber bundles. Together, this suggests wood formation is regulated by an integrated readout of both auxin and GA, which, in turn, controls expression of fiber and vessel specific NACs.

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