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The methyl binding domain 3 (MBD3) family proteins promote Tet2 enzymatic activity for mediating 5mC conversion [HTS]

ABSTRACT: Ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins are key players involved in the dynamic regulation of cytosine methylation and demethylation. Inactivating mutations of TET2 are frequently found in human malignancies, highlighting the essential role of TET2 in cellular transformation. However, the factors that control TET enzymatic activity remain largely unknown. Here we found that MBD3 and its analogue MBD3L2 can specifically modulate the enzymatic activity of Tet2 protein, but not Tet1 and Tet3 proteins, in converting 5mC into 5hmC. Moreover, MBD3L2 is more effective than MDB3 in promoting Tet2 enzymatic activity via strengthening the binding affinity between Tet2 and the methylated DNA target. Further analysis revealed pronounced decreases in 5mC levels at MBD3L2 and Tet2 co-occupied genomic regions, most of which are promoter elements associated with either cancer-related genes or genes involved in the regulation of cellular metabolic processes. Our data add new insights into the regulation of Tet2 activity by MBD3 and MBD3L2 in modulating its target gene activities in cancer development and have important applications in understanding how dysregulation of TET2 may contribute to human malignancy.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE74914 | GEO | 2016/03/03

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA301900

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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The methyl binding domain 3 (MBD3) family proteins promote Tet2 enzymatic activity for mediating 5mC conversion [microarray]

Project description:Ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins are key players involved in the dynamic regulation of cytosine methylation and demethylation. Inactivating mutations of TET2 are frequently found in human malignancies, highlighting the essential role of TET2 in cellular transformation. However, the factors that control TET enzymatic activity remain largely unknown. Here we found that MBD3 and its analogue MBD3L2 can specifically modulate the enzymatic activity of Tet2 protein, but not Tet1 and Tet3 proteins, in converting 5mC into 5hmC. Moreover, MBD3L2 is more effective than MDB3 in promoting Tet2 enzymatic activity via strengthening the binding affinity between Tet2 and the methylated DNA target. Further analysis revealed pronounced decreases in 5mC levels at MBD3L2 and Tet2 co-occupied genomic regions, most of which are promoter elements associated with either cancer-related genes or genes involved in the regulation of cellular metabolic processes. Our data add new insights into the regulation of Tet2 activity by MBD3 and MBD3L2 in modulating its target gene activities in cancer development and have important applications in understanding how dysregulation of TET2 may contribute to human malignancy.

2016-03-03 | GSE74794 | GEO

The methyl binding domain 3 (MBD3) family proteins promote Tet2 enzymatic activity for mediating 5mC conversion

Project description:The methyl binding domain 3 (MBD3) family proteins promote Tet2 enzymatic activity for mediating 5mC conversion

| PRJNA301898 | ENA

Control of 5mC and 5hmC by TET dioxygenases in human embryonic carcinoma cells [MBD-Seq]

Project description:The TET family of dioxygenases catalyze conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), but their involvement in establishing normal 5mC patterns during mammalian development and their contributions to aberrant control of 5mC during cellular transformation remains largely unknown. We depleted TET1, TET2, and TET3 by siRNA in a pluripotent embryonic carcinoma cell model and examined the impact on genome-wide 5mC and 5hmC patterns. TET1 depletion yielded widespread reduction of 5hmC, while depletion of TET2 and TET3 reduced 5hmC at a subset of TET1 targets suggesting functional co-dependence. TET2 or TET3-depletion also caused increased 5hmC, suggesting they play a major role in 5hmC removal. All TETs prevent hypermethylation throughout the genome, a finding dramatically illustrated in CpG island shores, where TET depletion resulted in prolific hypermethylation. Surprisingly, TETs also promote methylation, as hypomethylation was associated with 5hmC reduction. TET function was highly specific to chromatin environment: 5hmC maintenance by all TETs occurred at polycomb-marked chromatin and genes expressed at moderate levels; 5hmC removal by TET2 is associated with highly transcribed genes enriched for H3K4me3 and H3K36me3. Importantly, genes prone to hypermethylation in cancer become depleted of 5hmC with TET deficiency, suggesting the TETs normally promote 5hmC at these loci, and all three TETs are required for 5hmC enrichment at enhancers, a condition necessary for expression of adjacent genes. These results provide novel insight into the division of labor among TET proteins and reveal an important connection of TET activity with chromatin landscape and gene expression. Methylation and hydroxymethylation profiling by affinity-based high throughput sequencing

2014-06-14 | E-GEOD-51902 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Control of 5mC and 5hmC by TET dioxygenases in human embryonic carcinoma cells [Microarray]

Project description:The TET family of dioxygenases catalyze conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), but their involvement in establishing normal 5mC patterns during mammalian development and their contributions to aberrant control of 5mC during cellular transformation remains largely unknown. We depleted TET1, TET2, and TET3 by siRNA in a pluripotent embryonic carcinoma cell model and examined the impact on genome-wide 5mC and 5hmC patterns. TET1 depletion yielded widespread reduction of 5hmC, while depletion of TET2 and TET3 reduced 5hmC at a subset of TET1 targets suggesting functional co-dependence. TET2 or TET3-depletion also caused increased 5hmC, suggesting they play a major role in 5hmC removal. All TETs prevent hypermethylation throughout the genome, a finding dramatically illustrated in CpG island shores, where TET depletion resulted in prolific hypermethylation. Surprisingly, TETs also promote methylation, as hypomethylation was associated with 5hmC reduction. TET function was highly specific to chromatin environment: 5hmC maintenance by all TETs occurred at polycomb-marked chromatin and genes expressed at moderate levels; 5hmC removal by TET2 is associated with highly transcribed genes enriched for H3K4me3 and H3K36me3. Importantly, genes prone to hypermethylation in cancer become depleted of 5hmC with TET deficiency, suggesting the TETs normally promote 5hmC at these loci, and all three TETs are required for 5hmC enrichment at enhancers, a condition necessary for expression of adjacent genes. These results provide novel insight into the division of labor among TET proteins and reveal an important connection of TET activity with chromatin landscape and gene expression. Affymetrix gene expression Human ST1.0 microarray of NCCIT human embryonic carcinoma cells (4 samples in duplicate).

2014-06-14 | E-GEOD-51901 | biostudies-arrayexpress

5mC Oxidation by Tet2 Modulates Enhancer Activity and Timing of Transcriptome Reprogramming during Differentiation

Project description:In mammals, cytosine methylation (5mC) is widely distributed throughout the genome but is notably depleted from active promoters and enhancers. While the role of DNA methylation in promoter silencing has been well documented, the function of this epigenetic mark at enhancers remains unclear. Recent experiments have demonstrated that enhancers are enriched for 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), an oxidization product of the Tet family of 5mC dioxygenases and an intermediate of DNA demethylation. These results support the involvement of Tet proteins in the regulation of dynamic DNA methylation at enhancers. By mapping DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation at base resolution, we find that deletion of Tet2 causes extensive loss of 5hmC at enhancers, accompanied by enhancer hypermethylation, reduction of enhancer activity, and delayed gene induction in the early steps of differentiation. Our results reveal that DNA demethylation modulates enhancer activity, and its disruption influences the timing of transcriptome reprogramming during cellular differentiation. We performed traditional bisulfite sequencing, TAB-Seq, RNA-Seq, and ChIP-Seq for 6 histone modifications in two biological replicates of wild-type, Tet1-/-, and Tet2-/- mouse ES cells. We also performed RNA-Seq analysis during a timecourse of differentiation to neural progenitor cells.

2014-09-25 | E-GEOD-48519 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Distinct and stage-specific contributions of TET1 and TET2 to stepwise cytosine oxidation in the transition from naive to primed pluripotency

Project description:Cytosine DNA bases can be methylated by DNA methyltransferases and subsequently oxidized by TET proteins. The resulting 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) are considered demethylation intermediates as well as stable epigenetic marks. To dissect the contribution of these cytosine modifying enzymes, we generated combinations of Tet knockout (KO) embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and systematically measured protein and DNA modification levels at the transition from naive to primed pluripotency. Whereas the increase of genomic 5-methylcytosine (5mC) levels during exit from pluripotency correlated with an upregulation of the de novo DNA methyltransferases DNMT3A and DNMT3B, the subsequent oxidation steps turned out to be far more complex. The strong increase of oxidized cytosine bases (5hmC, 5fC, and 5caC) was accompanied by a drop in TET2 levels, yet the analysis of KO cells suggested that TET2 is responsible for most 5fC formation. The comparison of modified cytosine and enzyme levels in Tet KO cells revealed distinct and differentiation-dependent contributions of TET1 and TET2 to 5hmC and 5fC formation arguing against a processive mechanism of 5mC oxidation. The apparent independent steps of 5hmC and 5fC formation suggest yet to be identified mechanisms regulating TET activity and may constitute another layer of epigenetic regulation.

2020-07-24 | PXD019514 | Pride

Control of 5mC and 5hmC by TET dioxygenases in human embryonic carcinoma cells [Microarray]

2014-06-14 | GSE51901 | GEO

Control of 5mC and 5hmC by TET dioxygenases in human embryonic carcinoma cells [MBD-Seq]

2014-06-14 | GSE51902 | GEO

5mC Oxidation by Tet2 Modulates Enhancer Activity and Timing of Transcriptome Reprogramming during Differentiation

2014-09-25 | GSE48519 | GEO

Genome-wide Regulation of 5hmC, 5mC and Gene Expression by Tet1 Hydroxylase in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells (bisulfite sequencing data)

Project description:DNA methylation of C5-cytosine (5mC) in the mammalian genome is a key epigenetic event that is critical for various cellular processes. However, how the genome-wide 5mC pattern is dynamically regulated remains a fundamental question in epigenetic biology. The TET family of 5mC hydroxylases, which convert 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), have provided a new potential mechanism for the dynamic regulation of DNA methylation. The extent to which individual Tet family members contribute to the genome-wide 5mC and 5hmC patterns and associated gene network remains largely unknown. Here we report genome-wide mapping of Tet1 and 5hmC in mESCs and reveal a mechanism of action by which Tet1 controls 5hmC and 5mC levels in mESCs. In combination with microarray and mRNA-seq expression profiling, we identify a comprehensive yet intricate gene network influenced by Tet1. We propose a model whereby Tet1 controls DNA methylation both by binding to CpG-rich regions to prevent unwanted DNA methyltransferase activity, and by converting the existing 5mC to 5hmC through its enzymatic activity. This Tet1-mediated antagonism of CpG methylation imparts differential maintenance of DNA methylation status at Tet1 target loci, thereby providing a new regulatory mechanism for establishing the epigenetic landscape of mESCs, which ultimately contributes to mESC differentiation and the onset of embryonic development. To determine the genome-wide DNA methylation changes caused by Tet1 depletion in mouse ES cells. Tet1 protein was depleted by specific siRNA treatment. The DNA methylation levels in control and Tet1 siRNA-transfected ES cells were determined by targeted bisulfite sequencing.

2011-04-21 | E-GEOD-28533 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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