Isogenic mouse model of Kras G12D mutation in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE75090 | GEO | 2018/11/01
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:<p>Although multi-agent combination chemotherapy is curative in a significant fraction of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients, 20% of cases relapse and most die due to chemo-refractory disease. Here we used whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing to analyze the mutational landscape and pattern of clonal evolution at relapse in pediatric ALL cases. These analyses showed that ALL relapses originate from a common ancestral precursor clone of the diagnosis and relapsed populations and frequently harbor mutations implicated in chemotherapy resistance. RAS-MAPK pathway activating mutations in NRAS, KRAS and PTPN11 were present in 24/55 (44%) cases in our series. Notably, while some cases showed emergence of RAS mutant clones at relapse, in others, RAS mutant clones present at diagnosis were replaced by RAS wild type populations. Mechanistically, functional dissection of mouse and human wild type Kras and mutant Kras (Kras G12D) isogenic leukemia cells demonstrated induction of methotrexate resistance, but also improved response to vincristine, in mutant Kras- expressing lymphoblasts. These results identify chemotherapy driven selection as a central mechanism of leukemia clonal evolution and pave the road for the development of tailored personalized therapies for the treatment of relapsed ALL. </p>
| phs001072 | dbGaP
Project description:Microarray expression data generated to compare the biological impact of KrasG12D allelic duplication in p53null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). The RAS/MAPK-signalling pathway is frequently deregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), often through activating mutations in KRAS. Mouse models demonstrated that activation of a single endogenous mutant Kras allele is sufficient to promote lung tumour formation, but acquisition of other genetic alterations is required for malignant progression. Using a well-established lung cancer mouse model we recently demonstrated that advanced KrasG12D-driven spontaneous tumours frequently exhibit enhanced MAPK signalling and KrasG12D allelic enrichment (KrasG12D/Kraswild-type>1), implying that mutant Kras copy gains are positively selected during lung cancer progression. To compare the oncogenic impact of a single mutant allele versus additional mutant Kras copy gain, we carried out a comprehensive analysis of mutant Kras homozygous and heterozygous MEFs and lung cancer cells and show that these genotypes are phenotypically distinct. Title: Mutant Kras copy number defines metabolic reprogramming and therapeutic susceptibilities Authors: Emma M Kerr, Edoardo Gaude, Frances K Turrell, Christian Frezza and Carla P Martins For MEF generation, KrasLSL-G12D/+ ;p53Fx/Fx mixed background (C57Bl/6/129/Sv) animals were interbred and embryos collected at day E12.5 to overcome KrasLSL-G12D/G12D embryonic lethality and Cre-mediated recombination performed immediately after MEF generation. Cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, 2 mM L-Glutamine for one passage and then infected with adenovirus-Cre (5âÃâ107âplaque-forming units/1 x 106 cells). Recombination of LoxP sites was confirmed by PCR analysis. Three independent embryos per genotype were analysed using GPL6887 Illumina MouseWG-6 v2.0 expression beadchip.
2016-02-24 | E-GEOD-75871 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The RAS pathway is among the most frequently activated signaling nodes in cancer. However, the mechanisms that alter RAS activity in human pathologies are not yet fully understood. K128 ubiquitination is the most prevalent modification of the GTPase core domain in both NRAS and KRAS. The ubiquitination at K128 was decreased in cancer samples compared to normal tissue. We found that K128 ubiquitination creates an additional binding interface for RAS GTPase-activating proteins (GAP), NF1 and RASA1, which increases RAS binding to GAP proteins and promotes GAP-mediated GTP hydrolysis. K128 ubiquitination is transiently induced by growth factors or cytokines, which restricts the extent of wild-type RAS activation in a GAP-dependent manner. In contrast, the loss of K128 ubiquitination in the KRAS-G12D mutant promotes tumor growth by suppressing RAL/ TBK1 signaling and negatively regulating the autocrine circuit induced by mutant KRAS. Dysregulation of K128 ubiquitination unleashes both wild-type and mutant RAS signaling and triggers a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, driving RAS-driven tumorigenesis.
2024-05-31 | GSE261976 | GEO
Project description:Cooperation of MLL/AF10 with RAS pathway mutations accelerated myeloid leukemia development. The detail molecular mechanism is analyzed by identification of the differentially expressed genes between MLL/AF10 cells harboring wild-type and mutant RAS pathway genes and by with or without Hoxa11. We used cDNA microarray to compare transcriptomes between mouse MLL/AF10 myeloid leukemia cells harboring wild-type KRAS and harboring KRAS-G12C (AKw1G and AK3G), or between MLL/AF10 cells harboring wild-type PTPN11 and harboring PTPN11-G503A (APw-1 and APm-1), or between MLL/AF10 cells without and with Hoxa11 (12G-V and 12G-H11).
2020-07-01 | GSE134586 | GEO
Project description:Background: The Ras pathway genes KRAS, BRAF or ERBBs have somatic mutations in ~60% of human colorectal carcinomas. At present, it is unknown whether the remaining cases lack mutations activating the Ras pathway, or whether they have acquired mutations in genes hitherto not known to belong to the pathway. Methods: To address the second possibility, and extend the compendium of Ras pathway genes, we used genome-wide transposon mutagenesis of two human colorectal cancer cell systems deprived of their activating KRAS or BRAF allele to identify genes enabling growth in low glucose, a Ras pathway phenotype, when targeted. Results: Of the 163 recurrently targeted genes in the two different genetic backgrounds, one third were known cancer genes and one-fifth had links to the EGFR/Ras/MAPK pathway. When compared to cancer genome sequencing datasets, 9 genes also mutated in human colorectal cancers were identified. Among these, stable knock-down of FOXO3, NCOA3, and TCF7L2 restored growth in low glucose but reduced MEK/MAPK phosphorylation, reduced anchorage-independent growth, and modulated expressions of GLUT1 and Ras pathway related proteins. Knock-down of NCOA3 and FOXO3 significantly decreased the sensitivity to cetuximab of KRAS mutant but not wild-type cells. Conclusions: This work establishes a proof-of-concept that human cell based genome-wide forward genetic screens can assign genes to pathways with clinical importance in human colorectal cancer.
2018-02-20 | PXD008382 | Pride
Project description:The small GTPase KRAS transmits signals from cell surface receptors to various downstream signaling pathways, thereby regulating a multitude of cellular processes. Activating KRAS mutations occur in approximately 30% of human cancers and contribute to malignant transformation through constitutive activation of downstream signaling cascades. These mutations cluster in several hotspots, with codons 12 and 13 being most commonly. It has been suggested that the position and type of amino acid exchange influence the transforming capacity of mutant KRAS proteins. To address this hypothesis, we used MCF10A human mammary epithelial cells to establish isogenic cell lines that express eight different cancer-associated KRAS mutations (G12C, G12D, G12V, G13C, G13D, A18D, Q61H, K117N) at physiological levels, and investigated the biochemical and functional consequences of the different KRAS variants in vitro. In addition, selected effects were evaluated in comparison to cells that overexpress mutant KRAS. The overall effects of mutants expressed at normal levels were moderate compared to overexpressed variants, but allowed delineation of biological functions that were related to specific alleles rather than KRAS expression level. None of the mutations induced morphological changes or migratory abilities. KRAS-G12D, -G12V, -G13D, and -K117N were able to mediate EGF-independent proliferation, whereas anchorage-independent growth was primarily induced by the K117N and Q61H variants. Analysis of known RAS effectors showed that none of the mutations led to increased phosphorylation of ERK, PDK1, or AKT. Both codon 13 mutations were associated with increased EGFR expression, which was not seen with other variants. Finally, comparative gene expression analysis of MCF10A-G13D versus MCF10A-G12D revealed distinct transcriptional changes, such as enhanced cytokine and p53 signaling, upon G13D expression. Together, we describe a useful resource for investigating the function of multiple KRAS mutations and provide insights into the differential effects of these variants in MCF10A cells.
2014-12-31 | GSE60695 | GEO
Project description:KRAS mutations are the ost abundand driver mutations found in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Unfortunately, there are no clinical approved inhibitors available, to directly target mutant forms of KRAS. The aim of the study was to unravel the impact of upstream Egfr activation in signaling of mutated K-ras. We found that upregulation of G12D mutant Kras induced genes was significantly impaired when Egfr was knocked out. Our data suggests that signaling of mutant Kras depends on upstream activation. This finding may be exploited therapeutically by targeting EGFR in KRAS mutant patients.
2018-08-29 | GSE113146 | GEO
Project description:Microarray expression data generated to compare the biological impact of KrasG12D allelic duplication in p53null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). The RAS/MAPK-signalling pathway is frequently deregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), often through activating mutations in KRAS. Mouse models demonstrated that activation of a single endogenous mutant Kras allele is sufficient to promote lung tumour formation, but acquisition of other genetic alterations is required for malignant progression. Using a well-established lung cancer mouse model we recently demonstrated that advanced KrasG12D-driven spontaneous tumours frequently exhibit enhanced MAPK signalling and KrasG12D allelic enrichment (KrasG12D/Kraswild-type>1), implying that mutant Kras copy gains are positively selected during lung cancer progression. To compare the oncogenic impact of a single mutant allele versus additional mutant Kras copy gain, we carried out a comprehensive analysis of mutant Kras homozygous and heterozygous MEFs and lung cancer cells and show that these genotypes are phenotypically distinct. Title: Mutant Kras copy number defines metabolic reprogramming and therapeutic susceptibilities Authors: Emma M Kerr, Edoardo Gaude, Frances K Turrell, Christian Frezza and Carla P Martins
2016-02-24 | GSE75871 | GEO
Project description:Targeted therapies for MET exon 14-skipping (METΔex14)-driven lung cancers have generated some promising results but response rates remain below that seen for other kinase-driven cancers. One strategy for improving treatment outcomes is to employ rational combination therapies to enhance the suppression of tumour growth and delay or prevent the emergence of resistance. To this end, we profiled the transcriptomes of MET-addicted lung tumours and cell lines and identified the RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway as a critical effector required for METΔex14-dependent growth. Ectopic expression MET in an isogenic cell line model showed that overexpression of the mutant METΔex14 receptor led to higher levels of MAPK phosphorylation and nuclear import, resulting in increased expression and phosphorylation of nuclear MAPK targets. In comparison, other known MET effectors were unaffected. Inhibition of this pathway by KRAS knockdown in MET-addicted cells in vitro led to decreased viability in only the METΔex14-expressing cells. Conversely, decoupling RAS-MAPK axis, but not other effector pathways, from MET activity via the introduction of constitutively active mutants conferred resistance to MET inhibitors in vitro. Our results suggest that aberrant hyperactivity of the MET receptor caused by the exon 14-skipping mutation does not uniformly upregulate all known downstream effectors, rather gaining a predilection for aberrantly activating and subsequently relying on the RAS-MAPK pathway. These findings provide a rationale for the co-targeting of the RAS-MAPK pathway alongside MET to prolong therapeutic response and circumvent resistance to improve patient survival.
2022-03-08 | GSE198094 | GEO
Project description:KRAS is one of the most frequently mutated genes across all cancer subtypes. Two of the most frequent oncogenic KRAS mutations observed in patients result in glycine to aspartic acid substitution at either codon 12 (G12D) or 13 (G13D). Although the biochemical differences between these two predominant mutations are not fully understood, distinct clinical features of the resulting tumors suggest involvement of disparate signaling mechanisms. When we compared the global and phosphotyrosine proteomic profiles of isogenic colorectal cancer cell lines bearing either G12D or G13D KRAS mutation, we observed both shared as well as unique signaling events induced by the two KRAS mutations.
2021-06-09 | PXD009843 | Pride