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The macrophage IRF8-IRF1 regulome is required for protection against infections, and is associated with chronic inflammation (ChIP-Seq)

ABSTRACT: IRF8 and IRF1 are transcriptional regulators that play critical roles in the development and function of myeloid cells, including activation of macrophages by pro-inflammatory signals such as interferon gamma. Loss of IRF8 or IRF1 function causes severe susceptibility to infections in mice and in humans. We used chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and RNA sequencing in wild type, and in IRF8 and IRF1 mutant primary macrophages to systematically catalog all the genes bound by (cistromes) and transcriptionally activated (regulomes) by IRF8, IRF1, PU.1 and STAT1 including modulation of epigenetic histone marks. Of seven binding combinations identified, two (cluster 1: IRF8/IRF1/STAT1/PU.1; cluster 5: IRF1/STAT1/PU.1) were found to have a major role in controlling macrophage transcriptional programs both at basal level and following IFNγ activation. They direct expression of a set of genes, the IRF8/IRF1 regulome, that play critical roles in host inflammatory and anti-microbial defenses in mouse models of neuroinflammation and of pulmonary tuberculosis, respectively. In addition, this IRF8/IRF1 regulome is enriched for genes mutated in human primary immuno-deficiencies, and with loci associated for several inflammatory diseases in humans.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE77884 | GEO | 2016/03/07

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA311951

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:IThe transcription factor (TF) interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) controls both developmental and inflammatory stimulus-inducible genes in macrophages, but the mechanisms underlying these two different functions are largely unknown. One possibility is that these different roles are linked to the ability of IRF8 to bind alternative DNA sequences. We found that IRF8 is recruited to distinct sets of DNA consensus sequences before and after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. In resting cells, IRF8 was mainly bound to composite sites together with the master regulator of myeloid development PU.1. Basal IRF8M-bM-^@M-^SPU.1 binding maintained the expression of a broad panel of genes essential for macrophage functions (such as microbial recognition and response to purines) and contributed to basal expression of many LPS-inducible genes. After LPS stimulation, increased expression of IRF8, other IRFs, and AP-1 family TFs enabled IRF8 binding to thousands of additional regions containing low-affinity multimerized IRF sites and composite IRFM-bM-^@M-^SAP-1 sites, which were not premarked by PU.1 and did not contribute to the basal IRF8 cistrome. While constitutively expressed IRF8-dependent genes contained only sites mediating basal IRF8/PU.1 recruitment, inducible IRF8-dependent genes contained variable combinations of constitutive and inducible sites. Overall, these data show at the genome scale how the same TF can be linked to constitutive and inducible gene regulation via distinct combinations of alternative DNA-binding sites. Bone marrow cells isolated from C57BL/6 or BXH2/TyJ mice were plated in 10 cm plates in 5ml of BM-medium (high glucose DMEM supplemented with 20% low endotoxin fetal bovine serum, 30% L929-conditioned medium, 1% glutamine, 1%, Pen/Strep, 0.5% Sodium Pyruvate, 0.1% M-NM-2-mercaptoethanol). Cultures were fed with 2.5 ml of fresh medium every two days. Macrophages were subjected to different treatment (see individual samples for details). Total RNA was extracted from 5x106 cells using RNAeasy kit (Qiagen). Libraries were prepared from 1-2 M-BM-5g of RNA, after oligo-dT selection, using the TruSeq RNA sample preparation kit (Illumina).

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The macrophage IRF8-IRF1 regulome is required for protection against infections, and is associated with chronic inflammation (ChIP-Seq)

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