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Transcriptomic basis for reinforcement of elm anti-herbivore defense mediated by insect egg deposition

ABSTRACT: In this study we applied RNA-sequencing to a set of larvae-challenged elm trees that had either been untreated before or been exposed to prior egg deposition by elm leaf beetles. This dataset allowed us to characterize the global transcriptional response of egg-primed and non-primed elm trees at different time points after the priming stimulus itself and after the onset of larval feeding.

ORGANISM(S): Ulmus minor

PROVIDER: GSE77985 | GEO | 2018/10/04

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Plant defense resistance in natural enemies of a specialist insect herbivore.

Project description:Plants defend themselves against herbivores through the production of toxic and deterrent metabolites. Adapted herbivores can tolerate and sometimes sequester these metabolites, allowing them to feed on defended plants and become toxic to their own enemies. Can herbivore natural enemies overcome sequestered plant defense metabolites to prey on adapted herbivores? To address this question, we studied how entomopathogenic nematodes cope with benzoxazinoid defense metabolites that are produced by grasses and sequestered by a specialist maize herbivore, the western corn rootworm. We find that nematodes from US maize fields in regions in which the western corn rootworm was present over the last 50 y are behaviorally and metabolically resistant to sequestered benzoxazinoids and more infective toward the western corn rootworm than nematodes from other parts of the world. Exposure of a benzoxazinoid-susceptible nematode strain to the western corn rootworm for 5 generations results in higher behavioral and metabolic resistance and benzoxazinoid-dependent infectivity toward the western corn rootworm. Thus, herbivores that are exposed to a plant defense sequestering herbivore can evolve both behavioral and metabolic resistance to plant defense metabolites, and these traits are associated with higher infectivity toward a defense sequestering herbivore. We conclude that plant defense metabolites that are transferred through adapted herbivores may result in the evolution of resistance in herbivore natural enemies. Our study also identifies plant defense resistance as a potential target for the improvement of biological control agents.

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Plant volatiles induced by herbivore egg deposition affect insects of different trophic levels.

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