Toxicogenomic effects of sub-lethal exposures of organophosphates on mouse liver cells [miRNA Expression]
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): synthetic construct Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE78223 | GEO | 2016/02/24
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA312953
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:In order to examine the long term effects of the OPs, murine liver cells (BNL CL.2, ATCC® TIB-73) have been exposed to sub-lethal doses of three OPs: diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) representative of sarin and soman, O,S-diethyl methylphosphonothioate (OSD) serving as a simulant for VX, and paraoxon as an example of OP insecticides. Dosing levels of these compounds was set at 20% of the IV LD50 for each, with a 4 hour exposure time. Gene arrays and physiological tests were run at three time points following exposure; 2 hours, 2 days, and 2 weeks. The physiological results showed little to no effect upon exposure to sub-lethal dose of OPs. Gene expression and microRNA (miRNA) profiles using GeneChip Mouse Gene 1.0 ST arrays and miRNA arrays (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA) found that the OPs did alter expression of genes related to several systems previously implicated in OP exposure with no long term effects. In addition, a significant number of sRNA/snRNA and ribosomal RNA were found to be affected suggesting the need for further study of the changes in these regulators.
2016-02-24 | GSE78222 | GEO
Project description:In order to examine the long term effects of the OPs, murine liver cells (BNL CL.2, ATCC® TIB-73) have been exposed to sub-lethal doses of three OPs: diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) representative of sarin and soman, O,S-diethyl methylphosphonothioate (OSD) serving as a simulant for VX, and paraoxon as an example of OP insecticides. Dosing levels of these compounds was set at 20% of the IV LD50 for each, with a 4 hour exposure time. Gene arrays and physiological tests were run at three time points following exposure; 2 hours, 2 days, and 2 weeks. The physiological results showed little to no effect upon exposure to sub-lethal dose of OPs. Gene expression and microRNA (miRNA) profiles using GeneChip Mouse Gene 1.0 ST arrays and miRNA arrays (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA) found that the OPs did alter expression of genes related to several systems previously implicated in OP exposure with no long term effects. In addition, a significant number of sRNA/snRNA and ribosomal RNA were found to be affected suggesting the need for further study of the changes in these regulators. Three biological replicates of ;iver cells were exposed to three representative OPs and then harvested at three time points (2 hours, 72 hours, and two weeks) following exposure. These time points were designed for a determination of both early and late effects as well as identification of persistent, chronic changes. The RNAs from the collected cells were extracted and processed on commercial microarrays to determine the gene expression patterns and miRNA profiles associated with response to exposure to the OPs.
2016-02-24 | E-GEOD-78223 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In order to examine the long term effects of the OPs, murine liver cells (BNL CL.2, ATCC® TIB-73) have been exposed to sub-lethal doses of three OPs: diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) representative of sarin and soman, O,S-diethyl methylphosphonothioate (OSD) serving as a simulant for VX, and paraoxon as an example of OP insecticides. Dosing levels of these compounds was set at 20% of the IV LD50 for each, with a 4 hour exposure time. Gene arrays and physiological tests were run at three time points following exposure; 2 hours, 2 days, and 2 weeks. The physiological results showed little to no effect upon exposure to sub-lethal dose of OPs. Gene expression and microRNA (miRNA) profiles using GeneChip Mouse Gene 1.0 ST arrays and miRNA arrays (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA) found that the OPs did alter expression of genes related to several systems previously implicated in OP exposure with no long term effects. In addition, a significant number of sRNA/snRNA and ribosomal RNA were found to be affected suggesting the need for further study of the changes in these regulators. Three biological replicates of liver cells were exposed to three representative OPs and then harvested at three time points (2 hours, 72 hours, and two weeks) following exposure. These time points were designed for a determination of both early and late effects as well as identification of persistent, chronic changes. The RNAs from the collected cells were extracted and processed on commercial microarrays to determine the gene expression patterns and miRNA profiles associated with response to exposure to the OPs.
2016-02-24 | E-GEOD-78222 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Soman is a highly toxic lipophilic chemical warfare nerve agent that can cause serious brain damage, leading to death due to intense seizures and neuronal injury. The potential risks of low-dose soman exposure have been a cause for concern for a long time. However, the understanding of the complex biological changes that lead to persistent neurocognitive dysfunction induced by soman is still limited. In this work, we studied the response of mice to soman by measuring transcriptomics experiments. Mice were administered soman subcutaneously at 1/10, 1/5 or 1/2 of the 50% lethal dose and were sampled at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days. Each group has 3 biological replicates.
2023-07-20 | GSE237507 | GEO
Project description:Soman (O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate) is a potent neurotoxicant. Acute exposure to soman causes profound inhibition of the critical enzyme acetylcholinesterase, resulting in excessive levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Excessive acetylcholine levels cause convulsions, seizures, and respiratory distress. The initial cholinergic crisis can be overcome by rapid anti-cholinergic therapeutic intervention, resulting in increased survival. However, conventional treatments do not protect the brain from seizure-related damage, and thus neurodegeneration of soman-sensitive areas of the brain is a potential post-exposure outcome. We performed gene expression profiling of rat hippocampus following soman exposure to gain greater insight into the molecular pathogenesis of soman-induced neurodegeneration. Keywords: Time-course; toxicant exposure
2009-03-13 | GSE13428 | GEO
Project description:Soman (O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate) is a potent neurotoxicant. Acute exposure to soman causes profound inhibition of the critical enzyme acetylcholinesterase, resulting in excessive levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Excessive acetylcholine levels cause convulsions, seizures, and respiratory distress. The initial cholinergic crisis can be overcome by rapid anti-cholinergic therapeutic intervention, resulting in increased survival. However, conventional treatments do not protect the brain from seizure-related damage, and thus neurodegeneration of soman-sensitive areas of the brain is a potential post-exposure outcome. We performed gene expression profiling of rat hippocampus following soman exposure to gain greater insight into the molecular pathogenesis of soman-induced neurodegeneration. Experiment Overall Design: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with the oxime HI-6 (l-(((4-aminocarbonyl)pyridinio)methoxyl)methyI)-2-((hydroxyimino)methyl)-pyridinium dichloride; 125 mg/kg, ip) 30 min prior to challenge with soman (180 μg/kg, sc; diluted with 0.9% sodium chloride). One minute after soman challenge, animals were treated with atropine methyl nitrate (2.0 mg/kg, im). Vehicle control animals (n=4; 2 euthanized at 1h, 1 euthanized at 12h, and 1 euthanized at 24h) received an equivalent volume of vehicle (0.9% sodium chloride), HI-6 and atropine. Naïve animals (n=3) were also included in the study and received no treatments. Hippocampal tissue was harvested 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 168h after soman exposure. A sample size of n=3 was used for all time points except 3h (n=6) and 72h (n=4). RNA was extracted from the hippocampal tissue and used to generate oligonucleotide microarray probes for gene expression profiling using Affymetrix Rat 230 2.0 microarrays.
2009-03-21 | E-GEOD-13428 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Organophosphorus nerve agents irreversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterase, causing a toxic buildup of acetylcholine at muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Current medical countermeasures to nerve agent intoxication increase survival if administered within a short period of time following exposure but may not fully prevent neurological damage. Therefore, there is a need to discover drug treatments that are effective when administered after the onset of seizures and secondary responses that lead to brain injury. Methods To determine potential therapeutic targets for such treatments, we analyzed gene expression changes in the rat piriform cortex following sarin (O-isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate) exposure. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were challenged with 1.0 x LD50 sarin and subsequently treated with atropine sulfate, 2-pyridine aldoxime methylchloride (2-PAM), and the anticonvulsant diazepam. Control animals received an equivalent volume of vehicle and drug treatments. The piriform cortex, a brain region particularly sensitive to neural damage from sarin-induced seizures, was extracted at 0.25, 1, 3, 6, and 24 h after seizure onset, and total RNA was processed for microarray analysis. Principal component analysis identified sarin-induced seizure occurrence and time point following seizure onset as major sources of variability within the dataset. Based on these variables, the dataset was filtered and analysis of variance was used to determine genes significantly changed in seizing animals at each time point. The calculated p-value and geometric fold change for each probeset identifier were subsequently used for gene ontology analysis to identify canonical pathways, biological functions, and networks of genes significantly affected by sarin-induced seizure over the 24-h time course. Results A multitude of biological functions and pathways were identified as being significantly altered following sarin-induced seizure. Inflammatory response and signaling pathways associated with inflammation were among the most significantly altered across the five time points examined. Conclusions This analysis of gene expression changes in the rat brain following sarin-induced seizure and the molecular pathways involved in sarin-induced neurodegeneration will allow a better identification of potential therapeutic targets for the development of effective neuroprotectants to treat nerve agent exposure. Three animals were used for each experimental group (naM-CM-/ve, sarin-exposed non-seizure, non-seizure control [saline], sarin-exposed seizure, and seizure control [saline]) at each time point (0.25, 1, 3, 6, 24 h), with the exception of 1 h seizure control, 3 h sarin-exposed seizure, 24 h sarin-exposed non-seizure, and 24 h sarin-exposed seizure (n=4).
2011-12-31 | E-GEOD-28435 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Organophosphorus nerve agents irreversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterase, causing a toxic buildup of acetylcholine at muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Current medical countermeasures to nerve agent intoxication increase survival if administered within a short period of time following exposure but may not fully prevent neurological damage. Therefore, there is a need to discover drug treatments that are effective when administered after the onset of seizures and secondary responses that lead to brain injury. Methods To determine potential therapeutic targets for such treatments, we analyzed gene expression changes in the rat piriform cortex following sarin (O-isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate) exposure. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were challenged with 1.0 x LD50 sarin and subsequently treated with atropine sulfate, 2-pyridine aldoxime methylchloride (2-PAM), and the anticonvulsant diazepam. Control animals received an equivalent volume of vehicle and drug treatments. The piriform cortex, a brain region particularly sensitive to neural damage from sarin-induced seizures, was extracted at 0.25, 1, 3, 6, and 24 h after seizure onset, and total RNA was processed for microarray analysis. Principal component analysis identified sarin-induced seizure occurrence and time point following seizure onset as major sources of variability within the dataset. Based on these variables, the dataset was filtered and analysis of variance was used to determine genes significantly changed in seizing animals at each time point. The calculated p-value and geometric fold change for each probeset identifier were subsequently used for gene ontology analysis to identify canonical pathways, biological functions, and networks of genes significantly affected by sarin-induced seizure over the 24-h time course. Results A multitude of biological functions and pathways were identified as being significantly altered following sarin-induced seizure. Inflammatory response and signaling pathways associated with inflammation were among the most significantly altered across the five time points examined. Conclusions This analysis of gene expression changes in the rat brain following sarin-induced seizure and the molecular pathways involved in sarin-induced neurodegeneration will allow a better identification of potential therapeutic targets for the development of effective neuroprotectants to treat nerve agent exposure.
2011-12-31 | GSE28435 | GEO
Project description:Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphorus pesticide (OP), and one of the most widely used pesticides in the world. Metabolites of CPF and other OPs continue to be identified in the majority of human samples, even in countries such as the United States where OP use is declining (Arcury et al., 2010). The effects of repeated occupational and environmental exposures to OPs are poorly understood, although human and animal studies consistently identify neurotoxicity as the primary endpoint of concern. Thus, occupational exposures to sublethal doses of CPF are consistently associated with problems in cognitive abilities, such as learning and memory but the biological mechanism(s) underlying this association remain speculative. To identify potential mechanisms of CPF neurotoxicity, we employed a rat model that simulated documented CPF exposures in Egyptian agricultural workers. We quantified mRNA expression profiles in the CA1 region of the hippocampus of adult male Long Evans (LE) rats administered CPF at 3 or 10 mg/kg/d (s.c.) for 21 days. Despite significant inhibition of cholinesterase activity by the end of the 21 d exposure period, the CPF-exposed rats displayed minimal signs of cholinergic toxicity. Distinct hippocampal mRNA and miRNA signatures were associated with CPF exposure. Toxicogenomics-based evidence identified increased expression of neuropeptide genes in the hippocampi of CPF-exposed rats, which have been shown to activate receptor-mediated signaling pathways involved in cell survival. The analysis of small non-coding RNA profiles suggested the possibility that miR132/212-mediated homeostatic regulatory pathways may also be activated by repeated exposures to CPF. These findings identify potential molecular effects that may contribute to neurobehavioral deficits.
2016-12-30 | GSE74726 | GEO
Project description:Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphorus pesticide (OP), and one of the most widely used pesticides in the world. Metabolites of CPF and other OPs continue to be identified in the majority of human samples, even in countries such as the United States where OP use is declining (Arcury et al., 2010). The effects of repeated occupational and environmental exposures to OPs are poorly understood, although human and animal studies consistently identify neurotoxicity as the primary endpoint of concern. Thus, occupational exposures to sublethal doses of CPF are consistently associated with problems in cognitive abilities, such as learning and memory but the biological mechanism(s) underlying this association remain speculative. To identify potential mechanisms of CPF neurotoxicity, we employed a rat model that simulated documented CPF exposures in Egyptian agricultural workers. We quantified mRNA expression profiles in the CA1 region of the hippocampus of adult male Long Evans (LE) rats administered CPF at 3 or 10 mg/kg/d (s.c.) for 21 days. Despite significant inhibition of cholinesterase activity by the end of the 21 d exposure period, the CPF-exposed rats displayed minimal signs of cholinergic toxicity. Distinct hippocampal mRNA and miRNA signatures were associated with CPF exposure. Toxicogenomics-based evidence identified increased expression of neuropeptide genes in the hippocampi of CPF-exposed rats, which have been shown to activate receptor-mediated signaling pathways involved in cell survival. The analysis of small non-coding RNA profiles suggested the possibility that miR132/212-mediated homeostatic regulatory pathways may also be activated by repeated exposures to CPF. These findings identify potential molecular effects that may contribute to neurobehavioral deficits.
2016-12-30 | GSE74676 | GEO