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Modeling the Neuropathology of Tuberous Sclerosis with Human Stem Cells Reveals a Role for Inflammation and Angiogenic Growth Factors [Cell Model]

ABSTRACT: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare genetic disease characterized by mTOR hyperfunction induced benign tumor growths in multiple organs and neurological symptoms. Because the molecular pathology is highly complex and the etiology poorly understood we employed a defined human neuronal model with a single mTOR activating mutation to dissect the disease-relevant molecular responses driving the neuropathology. TSC2 deficient neural stem cells showed severely reduced neuronal functional maturation and characteristics of astrogliosis instead. Accordingly, transcriptome analysis uncovered an inflammatory response and increased metabolic activity, while ribosome profiling revealed excessive translation of ribosomal transcripts and higher synthesis rates of angiogenic growth factors. Treatment with mTOR inhibitors corrected translational alterations but not transcriptional dysfunction. These results extend our understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of TSC brain lesions, and suggest phenotype-tailored pharmacological treatment strategies.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE78959 | GEO | 2016/07/25

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA314508

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Modeling the Neuropathology of Tuberous Sclerosis with Human Stem Cells Reveals a Role for Inflammation and Angiogenic Growth Factors [Treatment]

Project description:Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare genetic disease characterized by mTOR hyperfunction induced benign tumor growths in multiple organs and neurological symptoms. Because the molecular pathology is highly complex and the etiology poorly understood we employed a defined human neuronal model with a single mTOR activating mutation to dissect the disease-relevant molecular responses driving the neuropathology. TSC2 deficient neural stem cells showed severely reduced neuronal functional maturation and characteristics of astrogliosis instead. Accordingly, transcriptome analysis uncovered an inflammatory response and increased metabolic activity, while ribosome profiling revealed excessive translation of ribosomal transcripts and higher synthesis rates of angiogenic growth factors. Treatment with mTOR inhibitors corrected translational alterations but not transcriptional dysfunction. These results extend our understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of TSC brain lesions, and suggest phenotype-tailored pharmacological treatment strategies. Rapamycin, AZD-8055, and DMSO were given to two TSC+/+ cell lines and two TSC-/- cell lines after six weeks of differentiation. Cells are harvested after 3 hours treatment and are subject to ribosome profiling and RNA-seq analysis.

2016-07-25 | E-GEOD-78960 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Modeling the Neuropathology of Tuberous Sclerosis with Human Stem Cells Reveals a Role for Inflammation and Angiogenic Growth Factors [Cell Model]

Project description:Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare genetic disease characterized by mTOR hyperfunction induced benign tumor growths in multiple organs and neurological symptoms. Because the molecular pathology is highly complex and the etiology poorly understood we employed a defined human neuronal model with a single mTOR activating mutation to dissect the disease-relevant molecular responses driving the neuropathology. TSC2 deficient neural stem cells showed severely reduced neuronal functional maturation and characteristics of astrogliosis instead. Accordingly, transcriptome analysis uncovered an inflammatory response and increased metabolic activity, while ribosome profiling revealed excessive translation of ribosomal transcripts and higher synthesis rates of angiogenic growth factors. Treatment with mTOR inhibitors corrected translational alterations but not transcriptional dysfunction. These results extend our understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of TSC brain lesions, and suggest phenotype-tailored pharmacological treatment strategies. Two TSC+/- cell lines and two TSC-/- cell lines were independently generated from wild-type human embryonic stem cells by genome editting with zinc finger nucleases. Two cell lines were handled in the same way but without any known human gene editted and they are used as negative controls. Two independent biological replicates of each of the six cell lines are profiled with ribosome profiling technique.

2016-07-25 | E-GEOD-78959 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Modeling the Neuropathology of Tuberous Sclerosis with Human Stem Cells Reveals a Role for Inflammation and Angiogenic Growth Factors [Treatment]

2016-07-25 | GSE78960 | GEO

Integrated multi-omics reveals mTOR-LPL-driven dysregulated lipid metabolism induces neuronal hyperexcitability in human microglia of tuberous sclerosis complex

Project description:Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in either TSC1 or TSC2. Emerging evidence suggests a connection between microglia activation and epilepsy as well as cognitive impairment in TSC patients. However, the impact of the causal variants of TSC1/2 genes on human microglia and their contribution to TSC's neurological symptoms remain largely unexplored. In this study, we generated human microglia from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a TSC patient cohort. Through extensive molecular and cellular analysis of TSC microglia, including transcriptomics, proteomics/phosphopreteomics, and lipidomics, we found that heterozygous TSC2 pathogenic variants were sufficient to cause aberrant lipid metabolism marked by increased glycerophosphocholines and fatty acyls. These metabolic changes resulted in enhanced phagocytosis and inflammation. Strikingly, the dysregulated lipid metabolism in TSC microglia is driven by a hyper-activated mTOR-lipoprotein lipase (LPL) pathway. Further, cellular and electrophysiological assessments of neuron/microglia co-cultures revealed that TSC microglia directly affect neuronal development, excitability, and neuronal network activity, which could be largely ameliorated by mTOR/LPL inhibition. Collectively, our research unveiled the molecular and cellular abnormalities in TSC microglia affecting neuronal development and function, and highlighted the mTOR-LPL pathway as a novel potential therapeutic target for the neuropathology of TSC.

2023-09-27 | GSE244091 | GEO

Neural progenitors derived from Tuberous Sclerosis Complex patients exhibit attenuated PI3K/AKT signaling and delayed neuronal differentiation

Project description:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a disease caused by autosomal dominant mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes, and is characterized by tumor susceptibility, brain lesions, seizures and behavioral impairments. The TSC1 and TSC2 genes encode proteins forming a complex (TSC), which is a major regulator and suppressor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in complex 1 (mTORC1), a signaling complex that promotes cell growth and proliferation. TSC1/2 loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and the subsequent complete loss of TSC regulatory activity in null cells causes mTORC1 dysregulation and TSC-associated brain lesions or other tissue tumors. However, it is not clear whether TSC1/2 heterozygous brain cells are abnormal and contribute to TSC neuropathology. To investigate this issue, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from TSC patients and unaffected controls, and utilized these to obtain neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and differentiated neurons in vitro. These patient-derived TSC2 heterozygous NPCs were delayed in their ability to differentiate into neurons. Patient-derived progenitor cells also exhibited a modest activation of mTORC1 signaling downstream of TSC, and a marked attenuation of upstream PI3K/AKT signaling. We further show that pharmacologic AKT inhibition, but not mTORC1 inhibition, causes a neuronal differentiation delay, mimicking the patient phenotype. Together these data suggest that heterozygous TSC2 mutations disrupt neuronal development, potentially contributing to the disease neuropathology, and that this defect may result from dysregulated AKT signaling in neural progenitor cells.

2018-08-26 | GSE111584 | GEO

Regulation of PERK-eIF2Î± Signaling by Tuberous Sclerosis Complex-1 Controls Homeostasis and Survival of Myelinating Oligodendrocytes

Project description:Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in either TSC1 or TSC2, exhibits white matter abnormalities including CNS myelin deficits. however, underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we find that, unexpectedly, constitutive activation of mTOR signaling caused by Tsc1 deletion in the oligodendrocyte lineage results in severe myelination defects and oligodendrocyte cell death. Expression profiling analysis reveals that Tsc1 ablation induces prominent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses through the PERKâeIF2Î± dependent signaling axis and activates Fas-JNK apoptotic pathways. Our studies suggest that TSC1-mTOR signaling acts as an important checkpoint for maintaining oligodendrocyte homeostasis. Gene expression profiling of optic nerve from P12 control and Tsc1cKO mice

2016-07-22 | E-GEOD-74893 | biostudies-arrayexpress

TFEB drives mTORC1 hyperactivation and kidney disease in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex

Project description:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is caused by germline TSC1 or TSC2 mutations, leading to hyperactivation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and tumors in multiple organs including the brain, heart, lung (lymphangioleiomyomatosis), and kidney (angiomyolipoma and renal cell carcinoma). Previously, we found that TFEB is constitutively active in models of TSC. To determine the impact of TFEB in vivo, we generated two novel mouse models of TSC, resulting in premature death, in which kidney pathology was the primary phenotype. RNA sequencing revealed that lysosomal and proteasomal gene pathways were the most highly upregulated in the TSC2-deficient kidneys. Knockout of TFEB rescued both kidney pathology and overall survival in both models, indicating that TFEB is the primary driver of renal disease in TSC. Importantly, mTORC1 activity, which was elevated in the TSC2 knockout kidneys, was normalized by TFEB knockout. Knockdown of Rheb or treatment of TSC2-deficient cells with Rapamycin paradoxically increases TFEB phosphorylation at the mTORC1-site (S211) and relocalizes TFEB from the nucleus to the cytoplasm via a Rag-dependent mechanism. Accordingly, treatment of TSC2 knockout mice with Rapamycin normalized lysosomal gene expression, similar to TFEB knockout, suggesting that the beneficial effects of Rapamycin in TSC are TFEB-dependent. These results change the view of the mechanisms leading to mTORC1 hyperactivation in TSC and may lead to novel therapeutic avenues for the treatment of TSC.

2023-09-28 | GSE244072 | GEO

Regulation of PERK-eIF2α Signaling by Tuberous Sclerosis Complex-1 Controls Homeostasis and Survival of Myelinating Oligodendrocytes

Project description:Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in either TSC1 or TSC2, exhibits white matter abnormalities including CNS myelin deficits. however, underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we find that, unexpectedly, constitutive activation of mTOR signaling caused by Tsc1 deletion in the oligodendrocyte lineage results in severe myelination defects and oligodendrocyte cell death. Expression profiling analysis reveals that Tsc1 ablation induces prominent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses through the PERK‐eIF2α dependent signaling axis and activates Fas-JNK apoptotic pathways. Our studies suggest that TSC1-mTOR signaling acts as an important checkpoint for maintaining oligodendrocyte homeostasis.

2016-07-22 | GSE74893 | GEO

Pilot Study Evaluating Everolimus Molecular Mechanisms in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) and Focal Cortical Dysplasia (FCD)

Project description:Treatment resistant epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and some focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs) are associated with dysfunctional mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. This can upregulate cell growth and proliferation, with increased downstream ribosomal S6 protein phosphorylation (phospho-S6). mTOR inhibitors are used in TSC, the archetypal mTORopathy, to reduce tumor growth or seizure frequency. Preclinical studies in FCD support a potential role in suppressing seizures. This pilot study sought to evaluate the safety of the mTOR inhibitor everolimus in treatment-resistant (failure of > 2 anti-seizure medications) TSC and FCD patients undergoing surgical resection and to assess changes in mTOR signaling and molecular pathways.

2021-12-10 | MSV000088551 | MassIVE

Integrating transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome analysis reveals loss function of IQGAP2 promotes cell proliferation through the mTOR pathway

Project description:Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare genetic disease caused by abnormal of TSC1 or TSC2 gene. Our previous data deduced that IQGAP2 can be one of the genes potentially responsible for non-TSC1 or TSC2 mutation TSC patients. To investigate the pathogenesis of IQGAP2 in TSC, we performed global transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome analyses and found the alter of genes related to mTOR signaling pathway in IQGAP2 knockdown cells. In addition, we found that knockdown of IQGAP2 resulted in increased cell proliferation and enhanced the phosphorylation level of AKT and S6K by functional analysis, meanwhile, the AKT and mTOR inhibitors can partially rescue cell abnormal proliferation by decreasing hyperphosphorylation. Our data revealed a potential connection between mTOR signaling pathway and aberrant cell proliferation in IQGAP2 knockdown cells, and provide a new latent therapeutic strategy for non-TSC1 or TSC2 mutation patients.

2022-09-22 | GSE213715 | GEO

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