Project description:Microglia play important roles in life-long brain maintenance and in pathology, but are also crucial in the developing central nervous system; yet their regulatory dynamics during development have not been fully elucidated. Genome-wide chromatin and expression profiling coupled with single-cell transcriptomic analysis throughout development reveal that microglia undergo three temporal developmental stages in synchrony with the brain: early, pre-, and adult microglia, which are under the control of distinct regulatory circuits. Knockout of the transcription factor MafB caused disruption of homeostasis in adulthood and increased inflammation. Environmental perturbations, such as the microbiome or prenatal immune activation, led to dysregulation of the developmental program, particularly in terms of inflammation. Together, our work identifies a stepwise developmental program of microglia integrating immune response pathways that may be associated with several neurodevelopmental disorders.
Project description:Microglia play important roles in life-long brain maintenance and in pathology, but are also crucial in the developing central nervous system; yet their regulatory dynamics during development have not been fully elucidated. Genome-wide chromatin and expression profiling coupled with single-cell transcriptomic analysis throughout development reveal that microglia undergo three temporal developmental stages in synchrony with the brain: early, pre-, and adult microglia, which are under the control of distinct regulatory circuits. Knockout of the transcription factor MafB caused disruption of homeostasis in adulthood and increased inflammation. Environmental perturbations, such as the microbiome or prenatal immune activation, led to dysregulation of the developmental program, particularly in terms of inflammation. Together, our work identifies a stepwise developmental program of microglia integrating immune response pathways that may be associated with several neurodevelopmental disorders.
Project description:Microglia play important roles in life-long brain maintenance and in pathology, but are also crucial in the developing central nervous system; yet their regulatory dynamics during development have not been fully elucidated. Genome-wide chromatin and expression profiling coupled with single-cell transcriptomic analysis throughout development reveal that microglia undergo three temporal developmental stages in synchrony with the brain: early, pre-, and adult microglia, which are under the control of distinct regulatory circuits. Knockout of the transcription factor MafB caused disruption of homeostasis in adulthood and increased inflammation. Environmental perturbations, such as the microbiome or prenatal immune activation, led to dysregulation of the developmental program, particularly in terms of inflammation. Together, our work identifies a stepwise developmental program of microglia integrating immune response pathways that may be associated with several neurodevelopmental disorders.
Project description:We report the genomic characterization of H3K9me3 occupancy in microglia at E14 brain.CUT&Tag experiment was performed with antibody against H3K9me3. We generated genome-wide characterization of H3K9me3 occupancy in microglia and find that H3K9me3 was prone to bind the promoters and the intergenic regions. The number and proximity of H3K9me3 occupancy to the transcription start sites determined the probability of transcriptional regulation on genes expression.The genomic localization of H3K9me3 might reveal the importance role of ARID1A in chromatin landscape of microglia homeostatic state during cortical development. Detailed investigation of the binding profiles show that the enrichments of H3K9me3 peaks in the regulatory regions of Prg3 gene. This study provides a framework for the epigenetic regulation of ARID1A in microglia homeostasis.
Project description:Purpose: Purpose:To gain a deeper insight into how microglia homeostasis regulates regulates neurogenesis through epigenetic ARID1A, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to analyze the genome-wide changes by ARID1A deletion in microglia at E14. Methods: The microglia was extracted from E14 of Arid1acKO and Arid1afl/fl mice by fluorescence activated cell sorting. Total RNA was immediately extracted by using the RNAeasy Mini kit (QIAGEN) following the manufacturer’s instructions. Then total RNA was quality controlled and quantified using an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer. After converting to cDNA and building library, high-throughput sequencing was performed using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform in Annoroad Genomics. Results: Approximately approximately two thousands transcripts showed differential expression between the Arid1afl/fl and Arid1acKO brain cortex, with a fold change ≥2.0 and p value <0.05. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that the down-regulated genes were enriched in the terms related to neurogenesis, regulation of cell communication and chemokine-mediated signaling pathway. Up-regulated genes showed a significant enrichment of terms involved in negative regulation of forebrain neuron fate commitment and cell surface receptor signaling pathway involved in cell-cell signaling. These results reflected the importance of ARID1A regulates neurogenesis through remodeling microglia states. Conclusions: We conclude that RNA-seq based transcriptome characterization would provide a framework for understanding how ARID1A regulates neurogenesis through remodeling microglia states brain cortical development.
Project description:To understand molecular mechanisms by which JunB regulates Treg function, we performed RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analyses of JunB-deficient and control Treg cells (CD4+ CD25hi). This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.