A TGFbeta-PRMT5-MEP50 Axis Regulates Cancer Cell Invasion through Histone H3 and H4 Arginine Methylation Coupled Transcriptional Activation and Repression
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE80182 | GEO | 2016/06/09
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA318251
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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2016-06-09 | E-GEOD-80182 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) complexed with MEP50/WDR77 catalyzes arginine methylation on histones and other proteins. PRMT5-MEP50 activity is elevated in cancer cells and its expression is highly correlated with poor prognosis in many human tumors. We demonstrate that PRMT5-MEP50 is essential for transcriptional regulation promoting cancer cell invasive phenotypes in lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma and breast carcinoma cancer cells. RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis demonstrated that PRMT5 and MEP50 are required to maintain expression of metastasis and Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and to potentiate an epigenetic mechanism of the TGF? response. We show that PRMT5-MEP50 activity both positively and negatively regulates expression of a wide range of genes. Exogenous TGF? promotes EMT in a unique pathway of PRMT5-MEP50 catalyzed histone mono- and dimethylation of chromatin at key metastasis suppressor and EMT genes, defining a new mechanism regulating cancer invasivity. PRMT5 methylation of histone H3R2me1 induced transcriptional activation by recruitment of WDR5 and concomitant H3K4 methylation at targeted genes. In parallel, PRMT5 methylation of histone H4R3me2s suppressed transcription at distinct genomic loci. Our decoding of histone methylarginine at key genes supports a critical role for complementary PRMT5-MEP50 transcriptional activation and repression in cancer invasion pathways and in response to TGF? stimulation and therefore orients future chemotherapeutic opportunities.
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Project description:Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) catalyzes the symmetric di-methylation of arginine residues in histones H3 and H4, marks generally associated with transcriptional repression. However, we found that PRMT5 inhibition (or depletion) led to more genes being down-regulated than up-regulated, indicating that PRMT5 can also act as a transcriptional activator. Indeed, the global level of histone H3K27me3 increases in PRMT5 deficient cells. Although PRMT5 does not directly affect PRC2 enzymatic activity, methylation of histone H3 by PRMT5 abrogates its subsequent methylation by PRC2. Treating AML cells with an EZH2 inhibitor partially restored the expression of approximately 50% of the genes that are initially down-regulated by PRMT5 inhibition, suggesting that the increased H3K27me3 contributes to the transcription repression of these genes. Interestingly, the growth inhibitory effect of PRMT5 inhibition was also partially rescued by combined treatment with EZH2 inhibitor in several leukemia cell lines. Thus, PRMT5-mediated crosstalk between histone marks contributes to its functional effects.
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Project description:Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) catalyzes the symmetric di-methylation of arginine residues in histones H3 and H4, marks generally associated with transcriptional repression. However, we found that PRMT5 inhibition (or depletion) led to more genes being down-regulated than up-regulated, indicating that PRMT5 can also act as a transcriptional activator. Indeed, the global level of histone H3K27me3 increases in PRMT5 deficient cells. Although PRMT5 does not directly affect PRC2 enzymatic activity, methylation of histone H3 by PRMT5 abrogates its subsequent methylation by PRC2. Treating AML cells with an EZH2 inhibitor partially restored the expression of approximately 50% of the genes that are initially down-regulated by PRMT5 inhibition, suggesting that the increased H3K27me3 contributes to the transcription repression of these genes. Interestingly, the growth inhibitory effect of PRMT5 inhibition was also partially rescued by combined treatment with EZH2 inhibitor in several leukemia cell lines. Thus, PRMT5-mediated crosstalk between histone marks contributes to its functional effects.
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Project description:Symmetrical dimethylation on arginine-3 of histone H4 (H4R3me2s) has been reported to occur at several repressed genes, but its specific regulation and genomic distribution remained unclear. Here, we show that the type-II protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 controls H4R3me2s in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). In these differentiated cells, we find that the genome-wide pattern of H4R3me2s is highly similar to that in embryonic stem cells. In both the cell types, H4R3me2s peaks are detected predominantly at G + C-rich regions. Promoters are consistently marked by H4R3me2s, independently of transcriptional activity. Remarkably, H4R3me2s is mono-allelic at imprinting control regions (ICRs), at which it marks the same parental allele as H3K9me3, H4K20me3 and DNA methylation. These repressive chromatin modifications are regulated independently, however, since PRMT5-depletion in MEFs resulted in loss of H4R3me2s, without affecting H3K9me3, H4K20me3 or DNA methylation. Conversely, depletion of ESET (KMT1E) or SUV420H1/H2 (KMT5B/C) affected H3K9me3 and H4K20me3, respectively, without altering H4R3me2s at ICRs. Combined, our data indicate that PRMT5-mediated H4R3me2s uniquely marks the mammalian genome, mostly at G + C-rich regions, and independently from transcriptional activity or chromatin repression. Furthermore, comparative bioinformatics analyses suggest a putative role of PRMT5-mediated H4R3me2s in chromatin configuration in the nucleus. High throughput sequencing data from H4R3me2s native ChIP samples from mouse embryonic stem cells and fibroblasts were generated using Illumina Hi-seq 2000.
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Project description:Symmetrical dimethylation on arginine-3 of histone H4 (H4R3me2s) has been reported to occur at several repressed genes, but its specific regulation and genomic distribution remained unclear. Here, we show that the type-II protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 controls H4R3me2s in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). In these differentiated cells, we find that the genome-wide pattern of H4R3me2s is highly similar to that in embryonic stem cells. In both the cell types, H4R3me2s peaks are detected predominantly at G + C-rich regions. Promoters are consistently marked by H4R3me2s, independently of transcriptional activity. Remarkably, H4R3me2s is mono-allelic at imprinting control regions (ICRs), at which it marks the same parental allele as H3K9me3, H4K20me3 and DNA methylation. These repressive chromatin modifications are regulated independently, however, since PRMT5-depletion in MEFs resulted in loss of H4R3me2s, without affecting H3K9me3, H4K20me3 or DNA methylation. Conversely, depletion of ESET (KMT1E) or SUV420H1/H2 (KMT5B/C) affected H3K9me3 and H4K20me3, respectively, without altering H4R3me2s at ICRs. Combined, our data indicate that PRMT5-mediated H4R3me2s uniquely marks the mammalian genome, mostly at G + C-rich regions, and independently from transcriptional activity or chromatin repression. Furthermore, comparative bioinformatics analyses suggest a putative role of PRMT5-mediated H4R3me2s in chromatin configuration in the nucleus.
2013-10-04 | GSE37604 | GEO
Project description:Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) catalyze arginine methylation, an abundant post-translational modification occurring on both chromatin-bound and cytoplasmic proteins. Growing evidence supports the involvement of PRMT5, the major Type II PRMT, in pro-survival and differentiation pathways, important during development and to promote tumorigenesis. Thus, PRMT5 emerges as an attractive drug target and inhibitors are currently in clinical trials for cancer therapy. However, the knowledge of PRMT5 non-histone substrates is still limited, as are the dynamic changes in methylation levels upon its inhibition. Here, we employed a newly established pipeline coupling SILAC with methyl-peptides immuno-enrichment to globally profile arginine methylation following PRMT5 inhibition by GSK591 and adopted the heavy-methyl SILAC as orthogonal validation method to reduce false discovery rate. Then, in vitro methylation assays on a set of PRMT5 targets provided novel mechanistic insights into its strict preference to methylate arginine sandwiched between two neighbouring glycines (GRG). In conclusion, we identified novel PRMT5 substrates, thus providing the first proof of concept of the in vivo efficacy of PRMT5 inhibitor that impacts on arginine methylation beyond histones.
2019-04-10 | PXD009070 | Pride
Project description:We identified distinct sets of genes under the control of PRMT5 and E2F1. Some of the most highly regulated genes, such as cortactin/CTTN, influenced cell migration, invasion and adherence. We characterised the functional role of the cortactin/CTTN gene, which enabled PRMT5 through E2F1 to promote cellular migration and invasion, whilst decreasing cellular adherence. Most significantly, there was a striking coincidence between the expression of PRMT5 and E2F1 in certain human tumours, and elevated levels of PRMT5, E2F1 and cortactin/CTTN correlated with poor prognosis disease. Our results suggest a causal relationship between PRMT5, E2F1 and the migration and invasion of cancer cells, thereby highlighting an important pathway that contributes to the cancer biology of tumour cells.
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Project description:Arginine methyltransferases critically regulate cellular homeostasis by modulating the functional outcome of their substrates. The protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is an enzyme involved in growth and survival pathways promoting tumorigenesis. However, little is known about the biologic function of PRMT5 and its therapeutic potential in multiple myeloma (MM). In the present study, we identified and validated PRMT5 as a new therapeutic target in MM. PRMT5 is overexpressed in patient MM cells and associated with decreased progression free survival and overall survival. Either genetic knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of PRMT5 with the inhibitor EPZ015666 significantly inhibited growth of both cell lines and patient MM cells. Furthermore, PRMT5 inhibition abrogated NF-kB signaling. Interestingly, mass spectrometry identified a tripartite motif-containing protein 21 TRIM-21 as a new PRMT5-partner, and we delineated a TRIM21-dependent mechanism of NF-kB inhibition. Importantly, oral administration of EPZ015666 significantly decreased MM growth in a humanized murine model of MM. These data both demonstrate the oncogenic role and prognostic relevance of PRMT5 in MM pathogenesis, and provide the rationale for novel therapies targeting PRMT5 to improve patient outcome.
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