Gene expression profile of Dnmt1 flox/flox, Dnmt3a flox/flox, Dnmt3b flox/flox, cre negative (Wild type) and Dnmt1 flox/flox, Dnmt3a flox/flox, Dnmt3b flox/flox, Rx-cre (Triple mutant) murine retina transcriptomes
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE81191 | GEO | 2016/11/28
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA320865
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:RNA-seq of triple knockout (TKO) mouse embryonic stem cells: Dnmt1-/-, Dnmt3a-/-, Dnmt3b-/-.
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Project description:DNA methylation is a key epigenetic modification involved in regulating gene expression and maintaining genomic integrity. Somatic patterns of DNA methylation are largely static, apart from focal dynamics at gene regulatory elements. To further advance our understanding of the role of DNA methylation in human development and disease, we inactivated all three catalytically active DNA methyltransferases in human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Disruption of DNMT3A or DNMT3B individually, as well as of both enzymes in tandem, creates viable, pluripotent cell lines with distinct effects on their DNA methylation landscape as assessed by whole-genome bisulfite sequencing. Surprisingly, in contrast to mouse, deletion of DNMT1 resulted in rapid cell death in human ESCs. To overcome the immediate lethality, we generated a doxycycline (DOX) responsive tTA-DNMT1* rescue line and readily obtained homozygous DNMT1 mutant lines. However, DOX-mediated repression of the exogenous DNMT1* initiates rapid, global loss of DNA methylation, followed by extensive cell death, demonstrating that DNA methylation is essential for human ESCs cultured in standard conditions. In summary, our data provide a comprehensive characterization of DNMT mutant ESCs, including single base genome-wide maps of their targets. RRBS methylation profiling of DNMT3A/3B DKO human ES cells
2015-03-30 | E-GEOD-63280 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:To investigate gene regulation by UHRF1, DNMT1, DNMT3B in THP-1 cells during differentiation, we established stable knockdown THP-1 cell lines.
2022-06-25 | GSE206742 | GEO
Project description:The DNA methylation program is at the bottom layer of the epigenetic regulatory cascade of vertebrate development. While the methylation at C-5 position of the cytosine (C) residues on the vertebrate genomes is achieved through the catalytic activities of the DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), the conversion of the methylated cytosine (5mC) could be accomplished by the combined actions of the TET enzyme and DNA repair. Interestingly, it has been found recently that the mouse and human DNMTs also possess active DNA demethylation activity in vitro in a Ca2+- and redox condition-dependent manner. We report here the study of tracking down the fate of the methyl group removed from 5mC on DNA during in vitro demethylation reaction by mouse de novo DNMTs, i.e. DNMT3A and DNMT3B. Remarkably, the methyl group becomes covalently linked to the catalytic cysteines utilized by the two de novo DNMTs in their DNA methylation reactions. Thus, the forward and reverse reactions of DNA methylations by the DNMTs may utilize the same cysteine residue(s) as the active site despite of their distinctive pathways. Secondly, we demonstrate that active DNA demethylation of a heavily methylated GFP reporter plasmid by ectopically expressed DNMT3A or DNMT3B occurs in vivo in transfected human HEK 293 cells in culture. Furthermore, the extent of DNA demethylation by the DNMTs in this cell-based system is affected by Ca2+ homeostasis as well as by mutation of their putative active cysteines. These findings substantiate the roles of the vertebrate DNMTs as double-edged swords in DNA methylation-demethylation in vitro as well as in a cellular context.
2022-02-24 | PXD003401 | Pride
Project description:Cytosine methylation is an epigenetic mark that dictates cell fate and response to stimuli. The timing and establishment of methylation logic during kidney development remains unknown. DNA methyltransferase 3a and 3b are the enzymes capable of establishing de novo methylation. We generated mice with genetic deletion of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b in nephron progenitor cells (Six2Cre Dnmt3a/3b) and kidney tubule cells (KspCre Dnmt3a/3b). We characterized KspCre Dnmt3a/3b mice at baseline and after injury. Unbiased omics profiling, such as whole genome bisulfite sequencing, reduced representation bisulfite sequencing and RNA sequencing were performed on whole-kidney samples and isolated renal tubule cells. KspCre Dnmt3a/3b mice showed no obvious morphologic and functional alterations at baseline. Knockout animals exhibited increased resistance to cisplatin-induced kidney injury, but not to folic acid–induced fibrosis. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing indicated that Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b play an important role in methylation of gene regulatory regions that act as fetal-specific enhancers in the developing kidney but are decommissioned in the mature kidney. Loss of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b resulted in failure to silence developmental genes. We also found that fetal-enhancer regions methylated by Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b were enriched for kidney disease genetic risk loci. Methylation patterns of kidneys from patients with CKD showed defects similar to those in mice with Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b deletion. Our results indicate a potential locus-specific convergence of genetic, epigenetic, and developmental elements in kidney disease development.
2020-03-03 | GSE134267 | GEO
Project description:We quantified the targets and kinetics of DNA methylation acquisition in mouse embryos, and determined the contribution of the de novo methyltransferases DNMT3A and DNMT3B to this process. We provide single-base maps of cytosine methylation by RRBS from the blastocysts to post-implantation stages and in embryos lacking DNMT3A or DNMT3B activity, and performed RNA-Seq in embryos lacking DNMT3B activity. We sequenced RRBS libraries prepared from genomic DNA isolated from embryos at consecutive stages of development between E3.5 and E11.5,and adult differentiated cells (sperm, liver). We performed RRBS on blastocysts at E3.5/E4.5, dissected epiblasts at E5.5/E6.5/E7/5, whole embryos at E8.5/E10.5 and limbs at E11.5. RRBS experiments in Dnmt3a-/- and Dnmt3b-/- embryos were performed in biological duplicates on individual embryos. We sequenced RNA-Seq libraries prepared from total RNAs of three WT and Dnmt3b-/- littermate embryos collected at E8.5.
2014-11-14 | E-GEOD-60334 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Purpose: Epigenetic regulation contributes to pathogenesis of neurondegenerative disease. We found that dis-regulation of a 242-gene subnetwork related to DNA methylation regulated neuronal differentiation are common in AD and HD. There are two DNA methyltransferases, DNMT1 and DNMT3A, in the subnetwork. DNMT1 is one of top hub genes in the network and likely to play a key regulatory role in the subnetwork. To validate that DNMT1 is a key regulator for the subnetwork, and DNMT3A not as one, we constructed two brain-specific conditional knockout mice. Methods: Cortices were dissected from Dnmt1 conditional knockout (CKO), Dnmt3a CKO, and respective littermate control mice at 18 weeks. RNA was isolated from three biological replicates for each genotype using TRIzol (Invitrogen) extraction and isopropanol precipitation. RNA samples were resuspended in water and further purified with RNeasy columns with on-column DNase treatment (Qiagen). RNA purity was assessed by measuring the A260/A280 ratio using a NanoDrop and RNA quality checked using an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies). Approximately 250 ng of total RNA per sample were used for library construction by the TruSeq RNA Sample Prep Kit (Illumina) and sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 instrument according to the manufacturer's instructions. Sequence reads were aligned to mouse genome assembly mm10 and quantified using Cufflinks. Results: Genes differentially expressed in CKO mice compared to littermate control mice, or the Dnmt1 CKO signature, including GSN (the genes with the largest number of connection in the subnetwork) and SOX10 (a key transcription factor of myelination), significantly overlaps with the subnetwork. Broadly, the Dnmt1 CKO signature is enriched for genes involved in GO biological processes immune response, lipid metabolism, endocytosis, glial cell differentiation, and nerve ensheatment, consistent with biological function of the subnetwork. Moreover, the Dnmt1 CKO mice show increased predilection to seizures, an incidence also increased in patients with AD (Amatniek et al, 2006) as well as juvenile form of HD (Cloud et al, 2012). In contrast, the Dnmt3a CKO signature does not overlap with the subnetwork (p=0.07) and is not enriched for any GO biological process. Conclusions: These results suggest the Dnmt1 regulates common genes related with AD and HD while Dnmt3a has little effect. All of the mice used in this study were handled in accordance with IACUC-approved protocols. Dnmt1flox/flox (Fan et al, 2001; Jackson-Grusby et al, 2001) and Dnmt3aflox/flox (Nguyen et al, 2007) mice were backcrossed onto a C57BL/6 background and crossed with Olig1-cre mice to generate Dnmt1 conditional knockout (Olig1cre/+;Dnmt1flox/flox) and littermate control (Olig1+/+;Dnmt1flox/flox) mice, and Dnmt3a conditional knockout (Olig1cre/+;Dnmt3aflox/flox) and littermate control (Olig1+/+;Dnmt3aflox/flox) mice.
2014-07-31 | E-GEOD-58261 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:DNA methylation is the net result of deposition by DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, 3A and 3B) and removal by the Ten-Eleven Translocation 1-3 (TET1-3) family of proteins and/or passive loss by replication. The relative contribution of the individual enzymes and pathways is only partially understood. Here we comprehensively analyzed and mathematically simulated the dynamics of DNA de-methylation during the reprogramming of the hypermethylated serum-cultured mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to the hypomethylated 2i-cultured ground state of mESC. We show that DNA demethylation readily occurs in TET[1-/-, 2-/-] ESCs with similar kinetics as their WT littermates. Vitamin C activation of TET causes accelerated and more profound DNA demethylation without markedly affecting reprogramming kinetics. We developed a mathematical model that highly accurately predicts the global level of 5methyl- and 5hydroxymethylcytosine during the transition. Modeling and experimental validation show that the concentration of DNMT3A and DNMT3B determines the steady state level of global DNA methylation and absence of DNMT3A/B even in continued presence of DNMT1 results in gradual loss of 5mC. Taken together, DNMT1 alone is insufficient to maintain DNA methylation but requires the action of DNMT3A/3B that act as a “dimmer switches”.
2016-06-03 | GSE70722 | GEO
Project description:DNA methylation is the net result of deposition by DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, 3A and 3B) and removal by the Ten-Eleven Translocation 1-3 (TET1-3) family of proteins and/or passive loss by replication. The relative contribution of the individual enzymes and pathways is only partially understood. Here we comprehensively analyzed and mathematically simulated the dynamics of DNA de-methylation during the reprogramming of the hypermethylated serum-cultured mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to the hypomethylated 2i-cultured ground state of mESC. We show that DNA demethylation readily occurs in TET[1-/-, 2-/-] ESCs with similar kinetics as their WT littermates. Vitamin C activation of TET causes accelerated and more profound DNA demethylation without markedly affecting reprogramming kinetics. We developed a mathematical model that highly accurately predicts the global level of 5methyl- and 5hydroxymethylcytosine during the transition. Modeling and experimental validation show that the concentration of DNMT3A and DNMT3B determines the steady state level of global DNA methylation and absence of DNMT3A/B even in continued presence of DNMT1 results in gradual loss of 5mC. Taken together, DNMT1 alone is insufficient to maintain DNA methylation but requires the action of DNMT3A/3B that act as a “dimmer switches”.
2016-06-03 | GSE70721 | GEO
Project description:DNA methylation is the net result of deposition by DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, 3A and 3B) and removal by the Ten-Eleven Translocation 1-3 (TET1-3) family of proteins and/or passive loss by replication. The relative contribution of the individual enzymes and pathways is only partially understood. Here we comprehensively analyzed and mathematically simulated the dynamics of DNA de-methylation during the reprogramming of the hypermethylated serum-cultured mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to the hypomethylated 2i-cultured ground state of mESC. We show that DNA demethylation readily occurs in TET[1-/-, 2-/-] ESCs with similar kinetics as their WT littermates. Vitamin C activation of TET causes accelerated and more profound DNA demethylation without markedly affecting reprogramming kinetics. We developed a mathematical model that highly accurately predicts the global level of 5methyl- and 5hydroxymethylcytosine during the transition. Modeling and experimental validation show that the concentration of DNMT3A and DNMT3B determines the steady state level of global DNA methylation and absence of DNMT3A/B even in continued presence of DNMT1 results in gradual loss of 5mC. Taken together, DNMT1 alone is insufficient to maintain DNA methylation but requires the action of DNMT3A/3B that act as a “dimmer switches”.
2016-06-03 | GSE70720 | GEO