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Differential Matrix metalloprotease (MMP) Expression Profiles Found in Aged Gingiva

ABSTRACT: The periodontium undergoes age-related cellular and clinical changes, but the involved genes are not yet known. Here, we investigated age-related genetic changes in gingiva at the transcriptomic level. Genes that were differentially expressed between young and old human gingiva were identified by RNA sequencing and verified by real-time PCR. A total of 1939 mRNA transcripts showed significantly differential expression between young and old gingival tissues. Matrix metalloprotease (MMP) regulation was the top pathway involved in gingival aging. MMP3, MMP9, MMP12, and MMP13 were upregulated in old gingival tissues, concomitantly with interleukin-1 beta (IL1B) expression. In vitro experiments using human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) showed that MMP12 was upregulated in old hGFs compared to young hGFs. Moreover, the MMP3, MMP9 and IL1B levels were more highly stimulated by infection with the oral bacterium, Fusobacterium nucleatum, in old hGFs compared to young hGFs. Collectively, these findings suggest that, in gingiva, the upregulation of MMP12 may be a molecular hallmark of natural aging, while the upregulations of MMP3, MMM9, and IL1B may indicate externally (e.g., infection)-induced aging. These findings contribute to our understanding of the molecular targets involved in gingival aging.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE83382 | GEO | 2018/07/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Background: Fibrosis, defined by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, including type I collagen, results in a stiff scar tissue that impairs organ function and can cause death. The effector cells of fibrosis are myofibroblasts, an activated form of fibroblast. In gingiva (gums), fibrotic responses are predominantly hyperproliferative (hyperplasia), where transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is overexpressed, and via canonical signaling pathway acts on gingival fibroblasts to induce fibroproliferative genes such as cellular communications network factor 2 (CCN2). Targeting of TGFβ for therapeutic gain however is challenging due its pleotropic nature, and therefore identifying new and targetable alternatives is warranted. We have shown that mechanical tension as a result of stiff ECM increases TGFβ-driven expression of CCN2 in gingival fibroblasts. We further identified yes-activated protein (YAP1), a mechanosensitive transcription (co)factor that translocate to nucleus in response to mechanical tension in gingival fibroblasts. To test if YAP is the perpetuator of TGFβ-mediated fibroproliferative gene induction, I used celastrol, a recently identified YAP/TAZ (transcriptional co-activator PDZ-binding motif) inhibitor, whose anti-fibrotic potential is not yet elucidated -- projecting it as a potential treatment option for gingival hyperplasia. Methods: Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in culture were serum starved overnight and pretreated with 500nM Celastrol or DMSO for 45 minutes followed by stimulation with or without TGFβ1 for 6 hours (RT-PCR) and 24 hours (Western blot). mRNA samples collected at 6 hours were also analysed using BulkRNAsequencing and functional cluster analysis. Celastrol’s capacity to prevent the TGFβ induced proliferation of HGFs was investigated with BrdU cell proliferation assay. Celastrol’s ability to block TGFβ-mediated YAP nuclear localization in HGFs was assessed using immunofluorescent staining of YAP protein. Results: In response to added TGFβ1, the gene and protein expression of fibrotic marker and mediator CCN2 (a known YAP1 target) was significantly downregulated in the presence of Celastrol. Similarly, of the 1364 genes induced by TGFβ1 (>2-fold), 657 genes showed a >50% decrease in the presence of Celastrol including genes involved in fibrotic responses such as type 4 collagen, interleukin 11, etc., Functional cluster analysis revealed ECM, Wnt/cytokine signaling, focal adhesion clusters induced by added TGFβ1, were downregulated in a Celastrol sensitive fashion. Also, basal level proliferation of HGFs was repressed in the presence of Celastrol. Additionally, Celastrol also successfully blocked TGFβ-mediated nuclear translocation of YAP as seen with immunofluorescence microscopy. Conclusion: These results are consistent with our hypothesis that targeting YAP/TAZ may be useful in blocking the profibrotic effects of TGFβ and that celastrol or other YAP inhibitors are eligible candidates as a treatment option for gingival hyperplasia.

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Differential Matrix metalloprotease (MMP) Expression Profiles Found in Aged Gingiva

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