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Chromatin remodeler Fun30-Fft3 disassembles nucleosomes to facilitate RNAPII elongation in fission yeast

ABSTRACT: Purpose: The ultimate goal of this study is the identification of transcription elongation-related chromatin remodeler and its in vivo mechanism in fission yeast through Next-generation sequencing (NGS) based ChIP-seq technique. Methods: Every ChIP-seq cells were grown up to mid-log phase and harvested after final 1% formaldehyde fixation and 125mM glycine quencing. Cells were harvested by centrifugation at 4 Celcius degrees and the cell pellets were washed by 15mL of pH7.5 TBS buffer per a conical tube. ChIP cells were disrupted by glass bead vortexing in ChIP lysis buffer and sonicated by Sonic Dismembrator Model 500, Fisher Scientific. Debris of the sonicate was excluded by centrifugation by 14,800rpm at 4 Celcius degree. IP samples were aliqouted from the sonicate and immunoprecipiated by proper amount of antibody and protein A/G beads, washed by ChIP lysis buffer for over-night at 4 Celcius degrees. IP samples were washed and eluted by proper buffers in Sigmaprep spin column. Proteins in both IP and input samples were degraded by 2hr 30ug proteinase K rxn and de-crosslinked at 65 Celcius degrees for at least 8hrs. The IP and input DNA were eluted by Quiagen PCR purification kit. Results: RNAPII and factor ChIP-seq in various mutants of chromatin remodelers showed that FUN30 family promotes transcription at gene coding regions. RNAPII ChIP-seq in fft3Δ, spt16-1 and fft3Δspt16-1 demonstrated that RNAPII regulation function of Fft3 is largely overlapped with that of Spt16. Histone H3 ChIP-seq results in fft3Δ and spt16-18 demonstrated that Fft3 is major chromatin remodeler to promote nucleosome turnover through nucleosome disassembly. Finally, histone H3 and RNAPII ChIP-seq in fft3Δ, H3/H4DD and fft3Δ H3/H4DD were showed that Fft3 facilitates RNAPII elongation at ORF regions through nucleosome barrier regulation. Conclusions: Fun30-Fft3 is major chromatin remodeler to facilitate RNAPII elongation by nucleosome disassembly-driven nucleosome barrier alleviation in fission yeast.

ORGANISM(S): Schizosaccharomyces pombe

PROVIDER: GSE83600 | GEO | 2016/12/18

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA326473

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:H2A.Z is a highly conserved histone variant involved in several key nuclear processes. It is incorporated into promoters by SWR-C-related chromatin remodeling complexes, but whether it is also actively excluded from non-promoter regions is not clear. Here, we provide genomic and biochemical evidence that RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) elongation-associated histone chaperones FACT and Spt6 both contribute to restricting H2A.Z from intragenic regions. In the absence of FACT or Spt6, the lack of H2A.Z eviction, coupled to its pervasive incorporation by mislocalized SWR-C, alters chromatin composition and contributes to cryptic initiation. Thus, chaperone-mediated H2A.Z removal is crucial for restricting the chromatin signature of gene promoters, which otherwise may license or promote cryptic transcription. We profiled H2A.Z occupancy in S. cerevisiae by ChIP-chip on tiling arrays in different mutants for chromatin remodelers and histone chaperones. In most experiments, H2A.Z ChIP samples (Cy5-labeled) were performed using a polyclonal antibody against H2A.Z and hybridized against H2B ChIP samples (Cy3-labeled), also performed using a polyclonal antibody. Temperature-sensitive mutants for the histone chaperones Spt16 and Spt6 (spt16-197 and spt6-1004 respectively) showed strong H2A.Z localization defects so the role of these factors in H2A.Z localization was further analyzed. H2A.Z ChIP-chip experiments in spt16-197 and spt6-1004 were repeated using different experimental designs [normalized against Input DNA or Mock (IgG) ChIP samples]. The contribution of Spt16 and Spt6 on H2A.Z localization was also confirmed by nuclear depletion of Spt16 and Spt6 using the anchor-away system. H2A.Z ChIP-chip experiments were also performed in sic1Δ and spt16-197/sic1Δ cells in order to rule out any G1-arrest artifact. H2A.Z ChIP-chip experiments were repeated using spike-in controls for normalization, revealing widespread H2A.Z occupancy in Spt16 and Spt6 mutants. In addition, the localization of the chromatin remodeler SWR-C was determined in wild type cells as well as in spt16-197 and spt6-1004 cells. Finally, we also profiled histone H4 occupancy by ChIP-chip in wild type, spt16-197, spt6-1004, spt16-197/htz1Δ and spt6-1004/htz1Δ cells. All ChIP-chip experiments were done in duplicates. Each microarray was normalized using the Lima Loess and replicates were combined using a weighted average method as previously described (Pokholok et al., 2005).

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Chromatin remodeler Fun30-Fft3 disassembles nucleosomes to facilitate RNAPII elongation in fission yeast

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