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Gene expression of mouse brain, mouse microglia, and mouse perivascular macrophages (pvm) in NRROS WT and NRROS KO animals

ABSTRACT: This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE84148 | GEO | 2017/04/06

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA380180PRJNA328150

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Gene expression of mouse brain, mouse microglia, and mouse perivascular macrophages (pvm) in NRROS WT and NRROS KO animals

Project description:Gene expression of mouse brain, mouse microglia, and mouse perivascular macrophages (pvm) in NRROS WT and NRROS KO animals

| PRJNA380180 | ENA

Gene expression of mouse brain and mouse microglia in NRROS WT and NRROS KO animals

2017-04-07 | GSE96938 | GEO

WT or Ftsj1 KO mouse brain

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

2021-03-31 | GSE153758 | GEO

Deciphering perivascular macrophages and microglia in the retinal ganglion cell layers.

Project description:Introduction: The classically defined two retinal microglia layers are distributed in inner and outer plexiform layers. Although there are some reports that retinal microglia are also superficially located around the ganglion cell layer (GCL) in contact with the vitreous, there has been a lack of detailed descriptions and not fully understood yet. Methods: We visualized the microglial layers by using CX3CR1-GFP (C57BL6) transgenic mice with both healthy and disease conditions including NaIO3-induced retinal degeneration models and IRBP-induced auto-immune uveitis models. Result: We found the GCL microglia has two subsets; peripheral (pph) microglia located on the retinal parenchyma and BAM (CNS Border Associated Macrophage) which have a special stretched phenotype only located on the surface of large retinal veins. First, in the pph microglia subset, but not in BAM, Galectin-3 and LYVE1 are focally expressed. However, LYVE1 is specifically expressed in the amoeboid or transition forms, except the typical dendritic morphology in the pph microglia. Second, BAM is tightly attached to the surface of the retinal veins and has similar morphology patterns in both the healthy and disease conditions. CD86+ BAM has a longer process which vertically passes the proximal retinal veins. Our data helps decipher the basic anatomy and pathophysiology of the retinal microglia in the GCL. Discussion: Our data helps decipher the basic anatomy and pathophysiology of the retinal microglia in the GCL.

| S-EPMC11002095 | biostudies-literature

Microglia and Perivascular Macrophages Act as Antigen Presenting Cells to Promote CD8 T Cell Infiltration of the Brain.

Project description:CD8 T cell infiltration of the central nervous system (CNS) is necessary for host protection but contributes to neuropathology. Antigen presenting cells (APCs) situated at CNS borders are thought to mediate T cell entry into the parenchyma during neuroinflammation. The identity of the CNS-resident APC that presents antigen via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I to CD8 T cells is unknown. Herein, we characterize MHC class I expression in the naïve and virally infected brain and identify microglia and macrophages (CNS-myeloid cells) as APCs that upregulate H-2Kb and H-2Db upon infection. Conditional ablation of H-2Kb and H-2Db from CNS-myeloid cells allowed us to determine that antigen presentation via H-2Db, but not H-2Kb, was required for CNS immune infiltration during Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection and drives brain atrophy as a consequence of infection. These results demonstrate that CNS-myeloid cells are key APCs mediating CD8 T cell brain infiltration.

| S-EPMC8435747 | biostudies-literature

An overlooked subset of Cx3cr1wt/wt microglia in the Cx3cr1CreER-Eyfp/wt mouse has a repopulation advantage over Cx3cr1CreER-Eyfp/wt microglia following microglial depletion.

Project description:BackgroundFluorescent reporter labeling and promoter-driven Cre-recombinant technologies have facilitated cellular investigations of physiological and pathological processes, including the widespread use of the Cx3cr1CreER-Eyfp/wt mouse strain for studies of microglia.MethodsImmunohistochemistry, Flow Cytometry, RNA sequencing and whole-genome sequencing were used to identify the subpopulation of microglia in Cx3cr1CreER-Eyfp/wt mouse brains. Genetically mediated microglia depletion using Cx3cr1CreER-Eyfp/wtRosa26DTA/wt mice and CSF1 receptor inhibitor PLX3397 were used to deplete microglia. Primary microglia proliferation and migration assay were used for in vitro studies.ResultsWe unexpectedly identified a subpopulation of microglia devoid of genetic modification, exhibiting higher Cx3cr1 and CX3CR1 expression than Cx3cr1CreER-Eyfp/wtCre+Eyfp+ microglia in Cx3cr1CreER-Eyfp/wt mouse brains, thus termed Cx3cr1highCre-Eyfp- microglia. This subpopulation constituted less than 1% of all microglia under homeostatic conditions, but after Cre-driven DTA-mediated microglial depletion, Cx3cr1highCre-Eyfp- microglia escaped depletion and proliferated extensively, eventually occupying one-third of the total microglial pool. We further demonstrated that the Cx3cr1highCre-Eyfp- microglia had lost their genetic heterozygosity and become homozygous for wild-type Cx3cr1. Therefore, Cx3cr1highCre-Eyfp- microglia are Cx3cr1wt/wtCre-Eyfp-. Finally, we demonstrated that CX3CL1-CX3CR1 signaling regulates microglial repopulation both in vivo and in vitro.ConclusionsOur results raise a cautionary note regarding the use of Cx3cr1CreER-Eyfp/wt mouse strains, particularly when interpreting the results of fate mapping, and microglial depletion and repopulation studies.

| S-EPMC8783445 | biostudies-literature

Role of NRROS in microglia and perivascular macrophages in the brain

Project description:Mice deficient in NRROS exhibit neurological phenotype similar to ALS. Our previous work showed that in phagocytes, NRROS regulates the degradation of Nox2, the enzymatic component of the NADPH oxidase that generates reactive oxygen species. NRROS is expressed in phagocytes, including macrophages, neutrophils and microglia but not neurons. Previous results on RNA-sequencing from WT and NRRO KO CD11b+ population (NGS601) identified perivascular macrophage (pvm)-like expression profile in NRROS KO cells. FACS data revealed a loss of microglia and concomitant gain of pvm-like cells in the brains of NRROS KO mice.

2017-04-07 | GSE96939 | GEO

Dual roles for perivascular macrophages in immune-to-brain signaling.

Project description:Cytokines produced during infection/inflammation activate adaptive central nervous system (CNS) responses, including acute stress responses mediated by the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The mechanisms by which cytokines engage HPA control circuitry remain unclear, though stimulated release of prostanoids from neighboring vascular cells has been implicated in this regard. How specific vascular cell types, endothelial cells (ECs) versus perivascular cells (PVCs; a subset of brain-resident macrophages), participate in this response remains unsettled. We exploited the phagocytic activity of PVCs to deplete them in rats by central injection of a liposome-encapsulated proapoptotic drug. This manipulation abrogated CNS and hormonal indices of HPA activation under immune challenge conditions (interleukin-1) that activated prostanoid synthesis only in PVCs, while enhancing these responses to stimuli (lipopolysaccharide) that engaged prostanoid production by ECs as well. Thus, PVCs provide both prostanoid-mediated drive to the HPA axis and an anti-inflammatory action that constrains endothelial and overall CNS responses to inflammatory insults.

| S-EPMC2873837 | biostudies-literature

Profiling Mouse embryonic fibroblasts from wt and SARAF KO animals

Project description:comparing SARAF KO transcription profile in MEF, comparing to cell from wt animals

2022-01-13 | GSE193354 | GEO

Microglia/Brain Macrophages as Central Drivers of Brain Tumor Pathobiology.

Project description:One of the most common brain tumors in children and adults is glioma or astrocytoma. There are few effective therapies for these cancers, and patients with malignant glioma fare poorly, even after aggressive surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Over the past decade, it is now appreciated that these tumors are composed of numerous distinct neoplastic and non-neoplastic cell populations, which could each influence overall tumor biology and response to therapy. Among these noncancerous cell types, monocytes (microglia and macrophages) predominate. In this Review, we discuss the complex interactions involving microglia and macrophages relevant to glioma formation, progression, and response to therapy.

| S-EPMC7288606 | biostudies-literature

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