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The LIM protein AJUBA promotes colorectal cancer cell survival through suppression of JAK1/STAT1/IFIT2 network

ABSTRACT: Background and Aims: The LIM protein AJUBA participates in the regulation of cell adhesion, mitosis, DNA damage, cell differentiation, proliferation, migration and gene transcription, yet its roles in tumor development and progression are poorly defined. The aim is to determine the role of AJUBA in colorectal tumorigenesis. Methods: We performed data mining in Oncomine databases and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays on 67 paired colorectal cancer (CRC) samples; we manipulated the AJUBA expression in SW-1116 and Caco-2 cells using specific shRNA and overexpression plasmids and performed assays for cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis; we performed RNA-seq and qRT-PCR assays to identify genes regulated by AJUBA; we performed western blot, co-immunoprecipitation assays to study the interaction of AJUBA and JAK/STAT; Results: We discovered that AJUBA is highly expressed in CRC and promotes CRC cell growth in culture and in xenograted mice via an inhibition of apoptosis by repression of the IFIT2 gene. AJUBA specifically binds the FERM domain of JAK1 to dissociate JAK1 from the IFNγ recepter, resulted in inhibition of STAT1 phosporylation and concomitantly its nuclear translocation. Clinically, the level of AJUBA in CRC specimens is negatively correlated with the levels of IFIT2 and pSTAT1. Conclusion: Ajuba functions as a specific suppressor of the Interferon-activated JAK1/STAT1 signaling to promote colorectal cancer development via an inhibition of Interferon induced apoptosis.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE84902 | GEO | 2017/02/23

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA335606

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Homo sapiens

Project description:The LIM protein AJUBA promotes colorectal cancer cell survival through suppression of JAK1/STAT1/IFIT2 network

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The LIM protein Ajuba promotes a metastatic phenotype in colon cancer cells

Project description:RNA-seq of Colon cancer cell line Sw480 with Ajuba OE and KD.Colon cancer, along with its potential for recurrence and metastasis is a major health problem. Understanding the proteins and pathways that regulate cell growth and metastasis may provide new targets for patient care. Ajuba is a LIM domain protein often found overexpressed in cancers, however the exact function role of Ajuba in colon cancer is not known. Our data demonstrates that Ajuba is highly expressed in colon cancer cell lines and tumour tissue compared to adjacent non-tumour tissue. Using publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we correlated poor colon cancer patient survival with high Ajuba expression. To investigate the function of Ajuba in colon cancer metastasis we transduced cells with lentiviral constructs to knock down and overexpress Ajuba protein and performed an RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis on each modified line. Analysing the pathways enriched in the differentially expressed genes, we found Ajuba to be involved in cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. We confirmed our findings in biological assays, cells depleted of Ajuba were less proliferative, more sensitive to irradiation, migrated less and were less efficient in colony formation. Our data indicates that increased Ajuba expression observed in colon cancer supports proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis.

2020-07-25 | GSE147111 | GEO

RNA-seq of human leukemia cell lines, MHH-CALL-4 and MUTZ-5, treated either with Ruxolitinib, FX1, or their combination.

Project description:CRLF2-rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Although JAK1/2 is activated in this type of ALL, treatment with JAK1/2 inhibitors is insufficient in inhibiting cell growth and inducing apoptosis. BCL6 upregulation upon JAK inhibition may account for this insufficiency. Therefore, we compared gene expression changes of two CRLF2-rearranged ALL cell lines, MHH-CALL-4 and MUTZ-5, treated with either ruxolitinib(a JAK1/2 inhibitor), FX1(a BCL6 inhibitor), their combination, or control.

2022-07-31 | E-MTAB-10755 | biostudies-arrayexpress

JAK-STAT1 as therapeutic target for EGFR deficiency-associated inflammation and scarring alopecia (RNA-seq of HFSC)

Project description:The hair follicle stem cell niche is an immune-privileged microenvironment, characterized by reduced antigen presentation, thus shielding against permanent immune-mediated tissue damage. In this study, we demonstrated the protective role of hair follicle-specific epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) against scarring hair follicle destruction. Mechanistically, disruption of EGFR signalling generated a cell-intrinsic hypersensitivity within the JAK-STAT1 pathway, which, synergistically with interferon gamma expressing CD8 T-cell and NK-cell-mediated inflammation, compromised the stem cell niche. Hair follicle-specific genetic depletion of either JAK1/2 or STAT1 or therapeutic inhibition of JAK1/2 ameliorated the inflammation, restored skin barrier function and activated the residual stem cells to resume hair growth in mouse models of epidermal and hair follicle-specific EGFR deletion. Skin biopsies from EGFR inhibitor-treated and cicatricial alopecia patients indicated active STAT1 signalling and interferon target expression. Notably, a case study of folliculitis decalvans, characterized by progressive hair loss, scaling and perifollicular erythema, demonstrated successful treatment with JAK1/2 inhibition. Our findings offer molecular insights and present a mechanism-based therapeutic strategy for addressing chronic folliculitis associated with EGFR-inhibitor anti-cancer therapy and cicatricial alopecia.

2024-07-31 | GSE273571 | GEO

JAK-STAT1 as therapeutic target for EGFR deficiency-associated inflammation and scarring alopecia (scRNA-seq)

2024-07-31 | GSE273572 | GEO

New ruthenium-cyclopentadienyl complexes affect colorectal cancer hallmarks showing high therapeutic potential

Project description:Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. Current therapeutic strategies are accompanied by low success rates and several side effects, representing a relevant clinical problem and requiring the discovery of new and more effective therapeutic alternatives. Ruthenium drugs emerged as one of the most promising metallodrugs due to their high selectivity to cancer cells. In this work, we studied for the first time the anticancer properties and mechanisms of action of four lead Ru-cyclopentadienyl compounds, namely PMC79, PMC78, LCR134 and LCR220, in CRC-derived cell lines. Biological assays were performed in CRC cell lines to evaluate cellular distribution, colony formation, cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, motility as well as cytoskeleton and mitochondrial alterations. Our results showed that all compounds displayed high bioactivity and selectivity, as shown by low IC50 concentrations against CRC cells. We observed that all Ru compounds had different intracellular distributions and inhibited to a high extent the clonogenic ability and proliferation of CRC cells. In addition, PMC79, LCR134 and LCR220 induced apoptosis, increased the levels of reactive oxygen species, induced mitochondrial alterations and affected F-actin cytoskeleton organization and cellular motility. A proteomic analysis showed that these compounds induce alterations in several cellular proteins related to the phenotypic alterations induced. Overall, we demonstrated that Ru compounds, in special PMC79 and LCR220, present promising anticancer activity in CRC cells and potential to be used as new metallodrugs for CRC therapy.

2023-07-20 | PXD041324 | Pride

Autocrine BMP-4 signaling promotes survival of colorectal cancer cells.

Project description:Prognoses are poor for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with metastatic lesions, leading to high demand for the development of novel molecular target therapies. Here, we demonstrate that expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is universally up-regulated and endogenous BMP signaling is activated in human CRC cells and tissues. Inhibition of endogenous BMP signaling by the BMP type I receptor inhibitor LDN-193189 led to elevated expression of dual specificity phosphatase 5 (DUSP5) in CRC cells, inducing apoptosis through the dephosphorylation of Erk MAP kinase. Administration of LDN-193189 to mice diminished tumor formation of CRC cells in vivo. Our findings thus suggest that inhibition of autocrine BMP-4 by BMP inhibitors represents a promising candidate method for treatment of CRC.

2017-09-11 | GSE96914 | GEO

BRAF-induced tumorigenesis is IKKalpha dependent but NF?B independent

Project description:Tumor cells carrying KRAS mutations activate the NF-?B pathway by different mechanisms, which contribute to the acquisition of essential cancer properties. The BRAF kinase, a downstream mediator of KRAS, is also mutated in a subset of colorectal cancers (CRC), which predicts bad prognosis and therapy resistance. However, nothing is known on whether NF-?B participates of BRAF-mediated tumorigenesis. We here found that in CRC cells, mutant BRAF does not trigger canonical or alternative NF-?B signaling but induces p45-IKK? activation. Moreover, IKK? activity is required for BRAF-induced transformation and to support BRAF-dependent transcription in CRC cells. Activation of p45-IKK? downstream of BRAF requires the TAK1 kinase, and is associated to the endosomal compartment. Inhibition of endosomal V-ATPase abolished p45-IKK? phosphorylation, and induced apoptosis of BRAF mutated CRC cells. Pharmacologic inhibition of endosome acidification reduced the in vivo growth of tumors carrying mutant BRAF, and abrogated the metastatic capacity of a primary human CRC tumor with acquired resistance to standard chemotherapy in an orthotopic xenograft model. 18 samples were analyzed: HT29 controls (n=3); HT28 BRAF inhibited (n=3), WiDr controls (n=3); WiDr BRAF inhibited (n=3); WiDr transduced with control shRNA (n=3) and WiDr transduced with shRNA against IKKalpha (n=3)

2015-05-08 | E-GEOD-57979 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Long Non-coding RNA LINC02474 Affects Metastasis and Apoptosis of Colorectal Cancer by Inhibiting the Expression of GZMB

Project description:Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies. Metastasis is the main event that impedes the therapeutic effect on CRC, and its underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. LINC02474 is a novel long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) associated with metastasis of CRC, while little is known about how LINC02474 regulates these malignant characteristics. Methods: Expressions of LINC02474 and granzyme B (GZMB) were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or Western blotting analysis. Cell metastasis was detected by transwell assay and metastatic nude mouse model, and apoptosis was determined by Western blotting analysis and ﬂow cytometry. Besides, the interaction between LINC02474 and GZMB was detected by dual-luciferase reporter assays. Results: The expression of LINC02474 was signiﬁcantly up-regulated in CRC tissues. Moreover, depletion of LINC02474 damaged the metastatic abilities of CRC cells in vivo and in vitro while boosting apoptosis. Besides, up-regulation of LINC02474 could promote migration and invasion, while apoptosis was inhibited in CRC cells. Besides, down-regulation of LINC02474 promoted the expression of GZMB, and interference of GZMB could increase the metastatic abilities of CRC cells while reducing apoptosis. Furthermore, LINC02474 was related to the transcriptional repression of GZMB in CRC cells determined by the dual-luciferase reporter assay. Conclusions: The ﬁndings revealed that a novel lncRNA, LINC02474, as an oncogene, could promote metastasis, but limit apoptosis partly by impeding GZMB expression in CRC. Besides, LINC02474 had the potential to be used as a biomarker in the prognosis of CRC.

2021-03-27 | GSE169722 | GEO

Simultaneous silencing of Aurora-A and UHRF1 inhibits colorectal cancer cell growth by regulating the expression of DNMT1 and STAT1

Project description:Aurora-A has attracted a great deal of interest as a potential therapeutic target. However, the outcomes of inhibitors targeting Aurora-A are not as favorable as expected, and the basis of their ineffectiveness remains unknown. Here, we found that signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) was highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) xenograft mouse models that were resistant to alisertib, an Aurora-A inhibitor, in an interferon/Janus kinase-independent manner, suggesting an unconventional mechanism regulating STAT1 expression. Unexpectedly, we found that alisertib disrupted Aurora-A binding with ubiquitin-like with plant homeodomain and ring finger domain 1 (UHRF1), leading to UHRF1-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), which in turn resulted in demethylation of the CpG islands in the STAT1 promoter and STAT1 overexpression. Simultaneous silencing of Aurora-A and UHRF1 prevented STAT1 overexpression and effectively inhibited CRC growth. Hence, concomitant targeting of Aurora-A and UHRF1 can be a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer patients.

2020-10-26 | GSE160037 | GEO

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