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Mll3 suppresses tumorigenesis by activating the Ink4a/Arf locus [RNA-seq]

ABSTRACT: Mutations in genes encoding epigenetic regulators are among the most frequent somatic events in human cancers. For example, missense and truncating mutations in the MLL3 (KTM2C) histone H3K4-methyltransferase gene can be found in several tumor types. MLL3 is a member of the mixed lineage leukemia gene family and component of the mammalian COMPASS/like complex that promotes gene expression by establishing chromatin modifications favoring gene activation. While Mll3 loss of function promotes tumorigenesis in mice, the molecular targets and biological processes underlying its anti-neoplastic effects remain unknown. Here we combine powerful genetic, genomic, and animal modeling approaches to demonstrate that Mll3 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by promoting activation of the Cdkn2a (Ink4a/Arf) locus. Hence, disruption of Mll3 using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing or by RNA interference using short hairpin RNAs cooperates with the Myc oncogene to drive tumorigenesis, producing tumors with reduced H3K4 methylation at multiple gene regulatory elements and low levels of p16Ink4a and p19Arf expression. These results place MLL3 in an established tumor suppressor network and reveal how disruption of a conserved mechanism of epigenetic regulation can alter CDKN2A action and cancer development.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE85049 | GEO | 2017/08/01

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA336036

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Mll3 suppresses tumorigenesis by activating the Ink4a/Arf locus [ChIP-seq]

Project description:Mutations in genes encoding epigenetic regulators are among the most frequent somatic events in human cancers. For example, missense and truncating mutations in the MLL3 (KTM2C) histone H3K4-methyltransferase gene can be found in several tumor types. MLL3 is a member of the mixed lineage leukemia gene family and component of the mammalian COMPASS/like complex that promotes gene expression by establishing chromatin modifications favoring gene activation. While Mll3 loss of function promotes tumorigenesis in mice, the molecular targets and biological processes underlying its anti-neoplastic effects remain unknown. Here we combine powerful genetic, genomic, and animal modeling approaches to demonstrate that Mll3 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by promoting activation of the Cdkn2a (Ink4a/Arf) locus. Hence, disruption of Mll3 using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing or by RNA interference using short hairpin RNAs cooperates with the Myc oncogene to drive tumorigenesis, producing tumors with reduced H3K4 methylation at multiple gene regulatory elements and low levels of p16Ink4a and p19Arf expression. These results place MLL3 in an established tumor suppressor network and reveal how disruption of a conserved mechanism of epigenetic regulation can alter CDKN2A action and cancer development.

2017-08-01 | GSE85053 | GEO

Mll3 suppresses tumorigenesis by activating the Ink4a/Arf locus

Project description:Mll3 suppresses tumorigenesis by activating the Ink4a/Arf locus

| PRJNA336025 | ENA

H3.3K4M targets MLL3/MLL4 to prevent enhancer activation in adipogenesis

Project description:Enhancers play a key role in regulating cell type-specific gene expression and are marked by histone modifications such as methylation and acetylation. Mono-methylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4me1) initially primes enhancers, preceding enhancer activation via acetylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27ac). MLL4 is a major enhancer H3K4 mono-methyltransferase with partial functional redundancy with MLL3. However, how H3K4me1 affects enhancer regulation in cell differentiation has remained unclear. By screening several lysine-to-methionine mutants of H3.3, we first found that depletion of H3K4 methylation by H3.3K4M mutation severely impairs adipogenesis in culture. Using tissue-specific expression of H3.3K4M in mice, we further demonstrate that H3.3K4M inhibits adipose tissue and muscle development in vivo. Mechanistically, H3.3K4M destabilizes MLL3/4 proteins but not other members of the mammalian Set1-like H3K4 methyltransferase family and prevents MLL3/4-mediated enhancer activation in adipogenesis. Using tissue-specific deletion of the enzymatic SET domain of MLL3/4 in mice, we also show that deletion of the SET domain prevents adipose tissue and muscle development in vivo and inhibits adipogenesis by destabilizing MLL3/4 in vitro. Notably, H3.3K4M expression mimics MLL3/4 SET domain deletion in preventing adipogenesis. Interestingly, H3.3K4M does not affect adipose tissue maintenance and function, suggesting that MLL3/4-mediated H3K4 methylation is dispensable for the maintenance and function of differentiated adipocytes. Together, our findings suggest that H3.3K4M targets MLL3/4 to prevent enhancer activation in adipogenesis.

2018-10-25 | GSE110972 | GEO

The MLL3/MLL4 branch of the COMPASS family regulates H3K4 monomethylation at enhancers

Project description:Histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) can be mono-, di-, and trimethylated by members of the COMPASS (COMplex of Proteins ASsociated with Set1) family from yeast to human and these modifications can be found at distinct regions of the genome. Monomethylation of histone H3K4 (H3K4me1) is relatively more enriched at metazoan enhancer regions compared to trimethylated histone H3K4 (H3K4me3), which are found at transcription start sites in all eukaryotes. Our recent studies in Drosophila demonstrated that the Trithorax-related (Trr) branch of the COMPASS family regulates enhancer activity and is responsible for the implementation of H3K4me1 at these regions. There are six COMPASS family members in mammals, two of which, MLL3 and MLL4, are most closely related to Drosophila Trr. Here, we use ChIP-seq of this class of COMPASS family members in both human HCT116 cells and mouse embryonic stem cells and find that MLL4 is preferentially found at enhancer regions. MLL3 and MLL4 are frequently mutated in cancer, and indeed, the widely used HCT116 cancer cell line contains inactivating mutations in the MLL3 gene. Using HCT116 cells in which MLL4 has also been knocked out, we demonstrate that MLL4 is a major regulator of H3K4me1 in these cells, with the greatest loss of monomethylation at enhancer regions. Moreover, we found a redundant role between Mll3 and Mll4 in enhancer H3K4 monomethylation in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells. These findings suggest that mammalian MLL3/MLL4 function in the regulation of enhancer activity and enhancer-promoter communication during gene expression and that mutations of MLL3 and MLL4 found in cancer could exert their properties through enhancer malfunction. ChIP-Seq in mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells for MLL4. ChIP-seq of MLL4 and p300 in human parental HCT116 cells. ChIP-seq of H3K4me1, H3K4me2 and H3K4me3 in parental HCT116 cells and HCT116 cells with Mll4∆set.

2013-09-30 | E-GEOD-51176 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Mll3 suppresses tumorigenesis by activating the Ink4a/Arf locus

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

2017-08-01 | GSE85055 | GEO

MLL3 suppresses tumorigenesis through regulating TNS3 enhancer activity [RNA-seq]

Project description:MLL3 is a histone H3K4 methyltransferase which is frequently mutated in cancer, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we found that MLL3 knockout by CRISPR/sgRNA did not elevate proliferation rate of cancer cells, but significantly enhanced cell migration. Through RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq approaches, we identified TNS3 as the potential target gene for MLL3. MLL3 depletion caused down regulation of H3K4me1 and H3K27ac on an enhancer ~ 8 kb ahead of TNS3. 3C assay indicated the identified enhancer interacts with TNS3 promoter, and repression of enhancer with dCas9-KRAB system impaired TNS3 expression. Exogenous expression of TNS3 in MLL3 deficient cells completely blocked the enhanced cell migration phenotype. Taken together, our study revealed a novel mechanism for MLL3 in suppressing cancer, which may provide novel targets for diagnosis or drug development.

2021-04-14 | GSE160253 | GEO

MLL3 suppresses tumorigenesis through regulating TNS3 enhancer activity [ChIP-seq]

2021-04-14 | GSE160164 | GEO

Expression data from Bmi1-overexpressing Ink4a-Arf-null hepatoblasts

Project description:Forced expression of Bmi1 accelerated the self-renewal of hepatic stem/progenitor cells and eventually induced their transformation in an in vivo transplant model. The Ink4a/Arf locus, which encodes a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p16Ink4a, and a tumor suppressor, p19Arf, is a pivotal target of Bmi1. Therefore, it would be of importance to understand the contribution of the Ink4a/Arf locus to Bmi1 oncogenic functions in cancer and search for as-yet-unknown Bmi1 target genes other than Ink4a/Arf. We used microarrays to explore novel candidate downstream targets for Bmi1 in hepatic stem/progenitor cells

2009-08-01 | GSE17462 | GEO

The MLL3/MLL4 branch of the COMPASS family regulates H3K4 monomethylation at enhancers

2013-09-30 | GSE51176 | GEO

Enhancer-associated H3K4 mono-methylation by Drosophila Trithorax-related, the Drosophila homolog of Mll3/Mll4

Project description:Mono-methylation of histone H3 on lysine 4 (H3K4me1) and acetylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27ac) are histone modifications that are highly enriched over the body of actively transcribed genes and enhancers. Although in yeast all H3K4 methylation patterns including H3K4me1 are implemented by Set1/COMPASS, there are three classes of COMPASS-like complexes in Drosophila that could carry out H3K4me1 on enhancers: dSet1, Trithorax and Trithorax-related (Trr). Here, we report that Trr, the Drosophila homolog of mammalian Mll3/4, can function as a major H3K4 mono-methyltransferase on enhancers in vivo. Loss of Trr results in a global decrease of H3K4me1 and H3K27ac in various tissues. Assays with the cut wing margin enhancer imply a functional role for Trr in enhancer-mediated processes. A genome-wide analysis demonstrates that Trr is required for H3K4me1 and H3K27ac on chromatin signatures that resemble the histone modification patterns described for enhancers. Since Trr and mammalian Mll3/4 complexes are distinguished by bearing a unique subunit, the H3K27 demethylase UTX, we propose a model in which the H3K4 mono-methyltransferase Trr, and the H3K27 demethylase, UTX, cooperate to regulate the transition from inactive/poised to active enhancers. ChIP-seq of Trr, LPT, UTX in Drosophila S2 Cells. ChIP-seq of H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K27ac, H3K27me3 in WT and Trr knock-down Drosophila S2 cells. ChIP-seq of H3K4me1, H3K27me3 in LPT knock-down Drosophila S2 cells. ChIP-seq of LPT and UTX in Trr knock-down Drosophila S2 cells. ChIP-seq of H3K4me1 and H3K27me3 in MLL1(+/+), MLL1(-/-), MLL3(+/+), and MLL3(-/-) Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts (MEFs).

2012-12-01 | E-GEOD-41440 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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