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Adipose tissue stromal cells from lean, obese, and formerly obese mice

ABSTRACT: Adipose tissue stromal cells contribute to the regulation of adipose tissue in lean and obese states. Myeloid cells such as adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) and dendritic cells (ATDCs) undergo both quantitative and qualitative changes with obesity. Due to similarity in markers the identify of adipose tissue dendritic cells and macrophages has been elusive. We have refined prior protocols to unambiguously discern ATM and ATDC in mice. We used microarrays to compare the profiles of ATMs and ATDC from gonadal adipose tissue from lean, obese, and formerly obese mice. We also isolated preadipocytes (PA) from lean and obese mice for comparison. Male C57Bl/6 mice were fed normal diet (ND) or high fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Weight loss (WL) mice were switched from the HFD to ND for 8 weeks. RNA was purified from FACS sorted cell populations (live cells only) obtained from gonadal/epididymal adipose tissue depots. ATMs were defined as CD11c+ (CD45+CD64+ CD11c+) or CD11c- (CD45+CD64+ CD11c-) ATMs. ATDC were defined as CD64- CD11c+. PA were defined as CD31- CD45- Sca1+ PDGFRA+.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE85846 | GEO | 2016/09/01

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA339547

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Recent studies have identified intracellular metabolism as a fundamental determinant of macrophage function. In obesity, proinflammatory macrophages accumulate in adipose tissue and trigger chronic low-grade inflammation, that promotes the development of systemic insulin resistance, yet changes in their intracellular energy metabolism are currently unknown. We therefore set out to study metabolic signatures of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in lean and obese conditions. F4/80-positive ATMs were isolated from obese vs lean mice. High-fat feeding of wild-type mice and myeloid-specific Hif1α-/- mice was used to examine the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in ATMs part of obese adipose tissue. In vitro, bone marrow-derived macrophages were co-cultured with adipose tissue explants to examine adipose tissue-induced changes in macrophage phenotypes. Transcriptome analysis, real-time flux measurements, ELISA and several other approaches were used to determine the metabolic signatures and inflammatory status of macrophages. In addition, various metabolic routes were inhibited to determine their relevance for cytokine production. Transcriptome analysis and extracellular flux measurements of mouse ATMs revealed unique metabolic rewiring in obesity characterised by both increased glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Similar metabolic activation of CD14+ cells in obese individuals was associated with diabetes outcome. These changes were not observed in peritoneal macrophages from obese vs lean mice and did not resemble metabolic rewiring in M1-primed macrophages. Instead, metabolic activation of macrophages was dose-dependently induced by a set of adipose tissue-derived factors that could not be reduced to leptin or lactate. Using metabolic inhibitors, we identified various metabolic routes, including fatty acid oxidation, glycolysis and glutaminolysis, that contributed to cytokine release by ATMs in lean adipose tissue. Glycolysis appeared to be the main contributor to the proinflammatory trait of macrophages in obese adipose tissue. HIF-1α, a key regulator of glycolysis, nonetheless appeared to play no critical role in proinflammatory activation of ATMs during early stages of obesity. Our results reveal unique metabolic activation of ATMs in obesity that promotes inflammatory cytokine release. Further understanding of metabolic programming in ATMs will most likely lead to novel therapeutic targets to curtail inflammatory responses in obesity.

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Adipose tissue stromal cells from lean, obese, and formerly obese mice

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