Auxin production in the endosperm drives seed coat development in Arabidopsis
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana
PROVIDER: GSE85848 | GEO | 2016/11/15
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA339548
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:In flowering plants, seed development is initiated by the fusion of the maternal egg and central cells with two paternal sperm cells, leading to the formation of embryo and endosperm, respectively. The fertilization products are surrounded by the maternally derived seed coat, whose development prior to fertilization is blocked by epigenetic regulators belonging to the Polycomb Group (PcG) protein family. Here we show that fertilization of the central cell results in the production of auxin and most likely its export to the maternal tissues, which drives seed coat development by removing PcG function. We furthermore show that mutants for the MADS-box transcription factor AGL62 have an impaired transport of auxin from the endosperm to the integuments, which results in seed abortion. We propose that AGL62 regulates auxin transport from the endosperm to the integuments, leading to the removal of the PcG block on seed coat development.
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Project description:Auxin production in the endosperm drives seed coat development in Arabidopsis
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Project description:Seeds are specialized plant organs that carry, nurture, and protect plant offspring. Developmental coordination between the three genetically distinct seed tissues (the embryo, endosperm, and seed coat) is crucial for seed viability. In this study, we explore the relationship between the TFs AtHB25 and ICE1. Previous results identified ICE1 as a target gene of AtHB25. In seeds, a lack of ICE1 (ice1-2) suppresses the enhanced seed longevity and impermeability of the overexpressing mutant athb25-1D, but surprisingly, seed coat lipid polyester deposition is not affected, as shown by the double-mutant athb25-1D ice1-2 seeds. zou-4, another mutant lacking the transcriptional program for proper endosperm maturation and for which the endosperm persists, also presents a high sensitivity to seed aging. Analysis of gso1, gso2, and tws1-4 mutants revealed that a loss of embryo cuticle integrity does not underlie the seed-aging sensitivity of ice1-2 and zou-4. However, scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of multiple fractures in the seed coats of the ice1 and zou mutants. Thus, this study highlights the importance of both seed coat composition and integrity in ensuring longevity and demonstrates that these parameters depend on multiple factors.
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Project description:Auxin response factors (ARFs) are transcription factors, regulating the auxin signaling pathways involved in plant development and related processes. In this study, we performed the genome-wide identification and characterization of ARFs in pomegranate and compared them with ARFs from three other species. Seventeen PgrARFs were identified and clustered into four groups, according to their phylogenetic relationship with the remaining 59 ARFs. A recent whole-genome duplication event in pomegranate may have contributed to the expansion and diversification of PgrARFs. Genomic truncation and variant splicing mechanisms contributed to the divergence of PgrARFs, a conclusion that was supported by different exon-intron structures of genes and incomplete conserved domains of PgrARFs in a specific phylogenetic group (group III). Interestingly, the absence of motifs from certain PgrARF genes corresponded to their low transcription levels, which contrasted to the highly expressed PgrARFs with intact motifs. Specifically, PgrARF1 and PgrARF2 highly expressed in both inner and outer seed coat, and phylogenetically related to Arabidopsis orthologs which mediates cell divisions in seed coat. We infer these two PgrARFs might involve in seed coat development through cell divisions in response to auxin regulation. These findings provided information on the characteristics and evolutionary relationships of PgrARFs, but also shed lights on their potential roles during seed coat development in pomegranate.
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Project description:Untargeted metabolomic analyses were carried out on seed coat/endosperm and seed embryo (dry seeds) of Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia-0 genotype. Three biological replicates were analyzed for each sample.
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Project description:Transcriptional profiling during Arabidopsis seed coat development at 3 key developmental timepoints by using 2 mutant lines and their wild types. The data provides a globe view of seed coat development in arabidopsis can be used for identification of new gene candidates for seed coat development.
2011-03-10 | GSE27857 | GEO
Project description:The dominance of flowering plants on earth is owed largely to the evolution of maternal tissues such as fruit and seedcoat that protect and disseminate the seeds. The mechanism of how fertilization triggers the development of these specialized maternal tissues is not well understood. A key event is the induction of auxin synthesis in the endosperm, and the mobile auxin subsequently stimulates seedcoat and fruit development. However, the regulatory mechanism of auxin synthesis in the endosperm remains unknown. Here, we show that a type I MADS box gene AGL62 is required for the activation of auxin synthesis in the endosperm in both Fragaria vesca, a diploid strawberry, and in Arabidopsis. Several strawberry FveATHB genes were identified as downstream targets of FveAGL62 and act to repress auxin biosynthesis. In this work, we identify a key mechanism for auxin induction to mediate fertilization success, a finding broadly relevant to flowering plants.
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Project description:The seed coat is specialized dead tissue protecting the plant embryo from mechanical and oxidative damage. Tannins, a type of flavonoids, are antioxidants known to accumulate in the Arabidopsis seed coat and transparent testa mutant seeds, deficient in flavonoid synthesis, exhibit low viability. However, their precise contribution to seed coat architecture and biophysics remains evasive. A seed coat cuticle, covering the endosperm outer surface and arising from the seed coat inner integument 1 cell layer was, intriguingly, previously shown to be more permeable in transparent testa mutants deficient not in cuticular component synthesis, but rather in flavonoid synthesis. Investigating the role of flavonoids in cuticle permeability led us to identify periclinal inner integument 1 tannic cell walls being attached, together with the cuticle, to the endosperm surface upon seed coat rupture. Hence, inner integument 1 tannic cell walls and the cuticle form two fused layers present at the surface of the exposed endosperm upon seed coat rupture, regulating its permeability. Their potential physiological role during seed germination is discussed.
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Project description:The endosperm is an ephemeral tissue that nourishes the developing embryo, similar to the placenta in mammals. In most angiosperms, endosperm development starts as a syncytium, in which nuclear divisions are not followed by cytokinesis. The timing of endosperm cellularization largely varies between species, and the event triggering this transition remains unknown. Here we show that increased auxin biosynthesis in the endosperm prevents its cellularization, leading to seed arrest. Auxin-overproducing seeds phenocopy paternal-excess triploid seeds derived from hybridizations of diploid maternal plants with tetraploid fathers. Concurrently, auxin-related genes are strongly overexpressed in triploid seeds, correlating with increased auxin activity. Reducing auxin biosynthesis and signaling reestablishes endosperm cellularization in triploid seeds and restores their viability, highlighting a causal role of increased auxin in preventing endosperm cellularization. We propose that auxin determines the time of endosperm cellularization, and thereby uncovered a central role of auxin in establishing hybridization barriers in plants.
| S-EPMC6446538 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Transcriptional profiling during Arabidopsis seed coat development at 3 key developmental timepoints by using 2 mutant lines and their wild types. The data provides a globe view of seed coat development in arabidopsis can be used for identification of new gene candidates for seed coat development. 3 seed coat development stages, 4 lines (2 wild type + 2 mutants) of arabidopsis were sampled. 4 biological replicates.
2011-03-10 | E-GEOD-27857 | biostudies-arrayexpress