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The 3’-UTR of MYC couples RNA polymerase II function to ribonucleotide levels

ABSTRACT: Deregulated expression of MYC enhances glutamine utilization and renders cell survival dependent on an external supply of glutamine, an observation termed “glutamine addiction”. Surprisingly, human colon cancer cells, which express high levels of MYC due to mutations in the WNT pathway, are not glutamine-addicted but undergo a reversible cell cycle arrest upon glutamine deprivation. We show here that glutamine deprivation suppresses endogenous MYC expression via the 3’-UTR of the MYC mRNA, enabling escape from apoptosis. The glutamine-dependent metabolites that mediate this regulation are adenosine nucleotides. Glutamine deprivation causes a global reduction in promoter association of RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) and reduces the RNAPII traveling ratio, indicative of defects in transcriptional elongation. While RNAPII function is restored by activation of MYC on most genes, restoration of elongation is imperfect and activation of MYC in the absence of glutamine enhances stalling of RNAPII in the body of individual genes, promoting the formation of R-loops. Since stalling of RNAPII and R-loop formation are potential causes of DNA damage, our data argue that the MYC 3’-UTR has a critical role in maintaining genome instability when ribonucleotide levels are low.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE86556 | GEO | 2017/04/13

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA342303

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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The 3’-UTR of MYC couples RNA polymerase II function to ribonucleotide levels

Project description:Deregulated expression of MYC enhances glutamine utilization and renders cell survival dependent on glutamine, inducing “glutamine addiction”. Surprisingly, colon cancer cells that express high levels of MYC due to WNT pathway mutations, are not glutamine-addicted but undergo a reversible cell cycle arrest upon glutamine deprivation. We show here that glutamine deprivation suppresses translation of endogenous MYC via the 3’-UTR of the MYC mRNA, enabling escape from apoptosis. This regulation is mediated by glutamine-dependent changes in adenosine nucleotide levels. Glutamine deprivation causes a global reduction in promoter association of RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) and slows transcriptional elongation. While activation of MYC restores binding of MYC and RNAPII function on most promoters, restoration of elongation is imperfect and activation of MYC in the absence of glutamine causes stalling of RNAPII on multiple genes, correlating with R-loop formation. Stalling of RNAPII and R-loop formation can cause DNA damage, arguing that the MYC 3’-UTR is critical for maintaining genome stability when ribonucleotide levels are low.

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