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Human polar body transfer eliminates the transmission of inherited mitochondrial DNA variants [methylation]

ABSTRACT: Although polar body transfer (PBT) has the potential to prevent the transmission of inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diseases, the PBT technique is still at an early stage, as no human data are publicly available for PBT. Here, we investigated the comparative values of first and second PBT (PB1T, PB2T), spindle-chromosome and pronuclear transfer (ST, PNT), modified ST and PNT (mST and mPNT) to explore the efficiency and safety of these approaches. A comparative analysis confirmed that PB1T, mST, PB2T and mPNT could be used to donate mtDNA without resulting in significant heteroplasmy or alterations in the methylation profile and gene expression. Importantly, PB1T produced reconstructed embryos and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in every generation with undetectable donor mtDNA. However, donor mtDNA seems to have a tendency to be amplified in generations of mPNT-ESCs with up to 3% heteroplasmy. These results suggest that PB1T holds great potential in eliminating mtDNA variants.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE86648 | GEO | 2016/09/11

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA342527

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Mitochondria generate signals of adaptation that regulate nuclear genes expression via retrograde signaling. But this phenomenon is complexified when qualitatively different mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) coexist within cells. Although this cellular state of heteroplasmy leads to divergent phenotypes clinically, its consequences on cellular function and the cellular transcriptome are unknown. To interrogate this phenomenon, we generated somatic cell cybrids harboring increasing levels of a common mtDNA mutation (tRNALeu(UUR) 3243A>G) and mapped the resulting cellular phenotypes and transcriptional profiles across the complete range of heteroplasmy. Small increases in mutant mtDNAs caused relatively modest defect in mitochondrial oxidative capacity, but resulted in sharp transitions in mitochondrial ultrastructure and in the nuclear and mitochondrial transcriptomes, with the critical functional threshold corresponding to the induction of epigenetic regulatory systems. Principal component analysis underscores how each heteroplasmy level occupies a different "transcriptional space", with low levels heteroplasmy (20-30%) producing a dose-response linear progression in one direction, and mutationload of 50, 60 and 90% producing changes in the opposite direction. Hence, subtle changes in mitochondrial energetics can act through the epigenome to generate the phenotypes of the common “complex” diseases. Cells were generated by transferring the wildtype (3243A) and mutant (3243G) mtDNAs from a heteroplasmic 3243A>G patient’s lymphoblastoid cell line into 143B(TK-) mtDNA-deficient (ρo) cells and selected for transmitochondrial cybrids. Subsequent mtDNA depletion, reamplification, and cloning (Wiseman and Attardi, 1978) resulted in a series of stable cybrids harboring approximately 0, 20, 30, 50, 60, 90, and 100% 3243G mutant mtDNAs. Total RNA extracted from each cell line was then extracted, depleted of rRNA, and measured in sequenced in triplicates.

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Human polar body transfer eliminates the transmission of inherited mitochondrial DNA variants [methylation]

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