MicroRNAs and tRNA fragments as biomarkers of chondrosarcoma and Paget's disease of bone
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE87054 | GEO | 2021/08/13
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Most of small RNA library construction methods are based on RNA ligases, which prefer to join the molecules (small RNAs and adapters) that can anneal to each other and form a ligase favoured structure. Different platforms for next generation sequencing use different adapter sequences, causing the cloning bias. Adapters with degenerated nucleotides at the ligating ends (High Definition, HD adapters) were developed to reduce the cloning bias. However, above 90% of the cloning products is adapter dimer when the current available commercial kits and their corresponding protocols are used. Here we adopted and further improved a method demonstrated in a publically available patent (http://www.google.com/patents/WO2011056866A2?cl=en). Using the improved method, we constructed the small RNA libraries by using the total RNA of chondrosarcoma cell line. The adapter dimer was significantly reduced. The small RNA sequences were also analysed. The small RNA libraries of cultured chondrosarcoma cell line were constructed by using an improved protocol where high-definition (HD) adapters were used.
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Project description:Most of small RNA library construction methods are based on RNA ligases, which prefer to join the molecules (small RNAs and adapters) that can anneal to each other and form a ligase favoured structure. Different platforms for next generation sequencing use different adapter sequences, causing the cloning bias. Adapters with degenerated nucleotides at the ligating ends (High Definition, HD adapters) were developed to reduce the cloning bias. However, above 90% of the cloning products is adapter dimer when the current available commercial kits and their corresponding protocols are used. Here we adopted and further improved a method demonstrated in a publically available patent (http://www.google.com/patents/WO2011056866A2?cl=en). Using the improved method, we constructed the small RNA libraries by using the total RNA of chondrosarcoma cell line. The adapter dimer was significantly reduced. The small RNA sequences were also analysed.
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Project description:microRNAs are small (22-24 nucleotide), non-coding RNA transcripts that play a role in RNA silencing and post transcriptional regulation of gene expression. They have been implicated to have profound roles in many cancers. The role of microRNAs in chondrosarcoma progression is not well understood. Our lab has identified miR-181a to be up-regulated in chondrosarcoma. miR-181a modulates CXCR4 signaling by targeting RGS-16, leading to increased levels of VEGF and MMP-1, major factors in tumor invasion. In an effort to identify other targets of miR-181a apart from RGS-16, we carried out a gene array to compare gene expression between untreated/control CS-1(chondrosarcoma cell line) cells and CS-1 cells transduced with a lenti virus expression construct with anti-miR-181a sequence.
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Project description:Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a high-grade malignant neoplasm characterized by biphasic growth of poorly differentiated small round cells and well differentiated cartilage. Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma affects adolescents and young adults, and the HEY1-NCOA2 fusion gene is causally associated with most cases. Here we generate a mouse model for mesenchymal chondrosarcoma by introducing HEY1-NCOA2 into mouse embryonic chondrogenic progenitors followed by subcutaneous transplantation into nude mice. HEY1-NCOA2 expression successfully induced subcutaneous tumors in 68.9% of recipients, showing biphasic morphologies and expression of Sox9, a master regulator of chondrogenic differentiation, typical to human mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analyses indicated frequent inclusion of the RUNX DNA consensus sequences within HEY1-NCOA2-binding peaks. Runx2 that is important for differentiation and proliferation of the chondrocytic lineage is invariably expressed in mouse mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, and interaction between HEY1-NCOA2 and Runx2 is observed using NCOA2 C-terminal domains. This interaction promotes repression of Runx2 target genes such as Adamts4 and Mmp13 to suppress chondrocytic differentiation and cell growth of tumors, and treatment with the HDAC inhibitor Panobinostat abrogates the repression activity of HEY1-NCOA2 and Runx2 to inhibit tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrate that HEY1-NCOA2 expression induces malignant transformation of chondrogenic progenitors by modulating the RUNX2-regulated transcriptional program. We used microarrays to detail the global program of gene expression in mouse mesenchymal chondrosarcoma
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Project description:Chondrosarcoma is the second most common type of bone cancer. At present, the most effective clinical course of action is surgical resection. Cisplatin is the chemotherapeutic medication most widely used for the treatment of chondrosarcoma; however, its effectiveness is severely hampered by drug resistance. In the current study, we compared cisplatin-resistant chondrosarcoma SW1353 cells with their parental cells via RNA sequencing. Our analysis revealed that glutamine metabolism is highly activated in resistant cells but glucose metabolism is not. Amphiregulin (AR), a ligand of the epidermal growth factor receptor, enhances glutamine metabolism and supports cisplatin resistance in human chondrosarcoma by promoting NADPH production and inhibiting ROS accumulation. The MEK, ERK, and NrF2 signaling pathways were shown to regulate AR-mediated SLC1A5 and GLS expression as well as glutamine metabolism in cisplatin-resistant chondrosarcoma. The knockdown of AR expression in cisplatin-resistant chondrosarcoma cells was shown to reduce the expression of SLC1A5 and GLS in vivo. These results indicate that AR and glutamine metabolism are worth pursuing as therapeutic targets in dealing with cisplatin-resistant human chondrosarcoma.
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Project description:Most of small RNA library construction methods are based on RNA ligases, which prefer to join the molecules (small RNAs and adapters) that can anneal to each other and form a ligase favoured structure. Different platforms for next generation sequencing use different adapter sequences, causing the cloning bias. Adapters with degenerated nucleotides at the ligating ends (High Definition, HD adapters) were developed to reduce the cloning bias. However, above 90% of the cloning products is adapter dimer when the current available commercial kits and their corresponding protocols are used. Here we adopted and further improved a method demonstrated in a publically available patent (http://www.google.com/patents/WO2011056866A2?cl=en). Using the improved method, we constructed the small RNA libraries by using the total RNA of Medicago truncatula leaf tissue. The adapter dimer was significantly reduced. The small RNA sequences were also analysed. The small RNA libraries of medicago truncatula leaves were constructed by using an improved protocol where high-definition (HD) adapters were used.
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Project description:Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a high-grade malignant neoplasm characterized by biphasic growth of poorly differentiated small round cells and well differentiated cartilage. Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma affects adolescents and young adults, and the HEY1-NCOA2 fusion gene is causally associated with most cases. Here we generate a mouse model for mesenchymal chondrosarcoma by introducing HEY1-NCOA2 into mouse embryonic chondrogenic progenitors followed by subcutaneous transplantation into nude mice. HEY1-NCOA2 expression successfully induced subcutaneous tumors in 68.9% of recipients, showing biphasic morphologies and expression of Sox9, a master regulator of chondrogenic differentiation, typical to human mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analyses indicated frequent inclusion of the RUNX DNA consensus sequences within HEY1-NCOA2-binding peaks. Runx2 that is important for differentiation and proliferation of the chondrocytic lineage is invariably expressed in mouse mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, and interaction between HEY1-NCOA2 and Runx2 is observed using NCOA2 C-terminal domains. This interaction promotes repression of Runx2 target genes such as Adamts4 and Mmp13 to suppress chondrocytic differentiation and cell growth of tumors, and treatment with the HDAC inhibitor Panobinostat abrogates the repression activity of HEY1-NCOA2 and Runx2 to inhibit tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrate that HEY1-NCOA2 expression induces malignant transformation of chondrogenic progenitors by modulating the RUNX2-regulated transcriptional program.
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