Transcription Factors Sp8 and Sp9 Coordinately Regulate Olfactory Bulb Interneuron Development
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE87417 | GEO | 2016/09/28
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA344717
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:Neural stem cells in the postnatal telencephalic ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) generate new interneurons, which migrate tangentially through the rostral migratory stream (RMS) into the olfactory bulb (OB). The Sp8 and Sp9 transcription factors are expressed in neuroblasts, as well as in the immature and mature interneurons in the V-SVZ-RMS-OB system. Here we show that Sp8 and Sp9 coordinately regulate OB interneuron development: although Sp9 null mutants show no major OB interneuron defect, conditional deletion of both Sp8 and Sp9 resulted in a much more severe reduction of OB interneuron number than that observed in the Sp8 conditional mutant mice, due to defects in neuronal differentiation, tangential and radial migration, and increased cell death in the V-SVZ-RMS-OB system. RNA-Seq and RNA in situ hybridization reveal that, in Sp8/Sp9 double mutant mice, but not in Sp8 or Sp9 single mutant mice, newly born neuroblasts in the V-SVZ-RMS-OB system fail to express Prokr2 and Tshz1 expression, genes with known roles in promoting OB interneuron differentiation and migration, and that are involved in human Kallmann syndrome.
| S-EPMC6095218 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Purpose: To asses changes in gene expression profiles from the P11 no cre littermate control olfactory bulbs and conditional double knockout olfactory bulbs of Dlx5/6-CIE; Sp8 Flox/Flox; Sp9 Flox/Flox (Sp8/Sp9-DCKO) mice. Methods: Total RNA was isolated and sequenced from the olfactory bulbs of the P11 no cre littermate controls or Sp8/Sp9-DCKO mice in duplicate using an illumina high-seq 2500. Raw data was analyzed using TopHat. Genes were considered changed which performed fold-change>=2 and FDR<=0.05. Changed genes were then filtered to reveal the downstream targets of Sp8 and Sp9. Results: 32 genes were significantly increased and 144 genes were significantly decreased in expression level due to the loss of Sp9 and Sp8 expression.
2016-09-03 | GSE86396 | GEO
Project description:We conducted RNA-Seq and in situ hybridization to identify transcriptional profile changes in the Sp8/Sp9-DCKO olfactory bulb. Simultaneously, we did ChIP-Seq with homemade Sp9 antibody to identify Sp9 binding motifs and which changed genes might be the direct targets of transcription factor Sp9. We found that Sp9 directly binded to key genes which are required for olfactory bulb development. Transcription factors Sp8 and Sp9 belong to the same transcription factor family, so we think Sp8 and Sp9 have very similar binding sites of transcriptional regulation.
2016-09-29 | GSE87416 | GEO
Project description:Purpose: To asses changes in gene expression profiles from the P30 wild type littermate control olfactory bulbs and conditional double knockout olfactory bulbs of hGFAP-Cre; Sp8 Flox/Flox; Sp9 Flox/Flox mice. Methods: Total RNA was isolated and sequenced from the olfactory bulbs of the P30 wild type littermate controls or hGFAP-Cre; Sp8 Flox/Flox; Sp9 Flox/Flox mice in tetrad using an illumina high-seq 2500. Raw data was analyzed using TopHat. Genes were considered changed which performed fold-change>=2 and FDR<=0.05. Changed genes were then filtered to reveal the downstream targets of Sp8 and Sp9. Results: 31 genes were significantly increased and 74 genes were significantly decreased in expression level due to the loss of Sp9 and Sp8 expression.
2017-01-04 | GSE93061 | GEO
Project description:Transcription Factors Sp8 and Sp9 Coordinately Regulate Olfactory Bulb Interneuron Development
| PRJNA344717 | ENA
Project description:Dopamine receptor DRD1-expressing medium spiny neurons (D1 MSNs) and dopamine receptor DRD2-expressing medium spiny neurons (D2 MSNs) are the principal projection neurons in the striatum, which is divided into dorsal striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen) and ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle). Progenitors of these neurons arise in the lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE). Using conditional deletion, we show that mice lacking the transcription factor genes Sp8 and Sp9 lose virtually all D2 MSNs as a result of reduced neurogenesis in the LGE, whereas D1 MSNs are largely unaffected. SP8 and SP9 together drive expression of the transcription factor Six3 in a spatially restricted domain of the LGE subventricular zone. Conditional deletion of Six3 also prevents the formation of most D2 MSNs, phenocopying the Sp8/9 mutants. Finally, ChIP-Seq reveals that SP9 directly binds to the promoter and a putative enhancer of Six3 Thus, this study defines components of a transcription pathway in a regionally restricted LGE progenitor domain that selectively drives the generation of D2 MSNs.
| S-EPMC6078334 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Somatostatin (Som), one of the most concentrated neuropeptides in the brain, is highly expressed in the olfactory bulb (OB). However, the temporal profile by which OB somatostatin-expressing (Som+) interneurons are produced and the molecular mechanisms controlling this profile are totally unknown. In the present study, we found that all the Som+ interneurons in the mouse external plexiform layer (EPL) and the rat glomerular layer (GL) express the transcription factor Sp8.Using the 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) birth dating method, combined with immunostaining, we showed that the generation of Som+ interneurons in the mouse and rat OB is confined to the later embryonic and earlier postnatal stages. Within the mouse OB, the production of Som+ interneurons is maximal during late embryogenesis and decreases after birth, whereas the generation of Som+ interneurons is low during embryogenesis and increases gradually after birth in the rat OB. Interestingly, genetic ablation of Sp8 by cre/loxP-based recombination severely reduces the number of Som+ interneurons in the EPL of the mouse OB. Taken together, these results suggest that Sp8 is required for the normal production of Som+ interneurons in the EPL of the mouse OB.
| S-EPMC3720950 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The mammalian main olfactory bulb (OB) has a large population of GABAergic inhibitory interneurons that contains several subtypes defined by the co-expression other neurotransmitters and calcium binding proteins. The three most commonly studied OB interneuron subtypes co-express either Calretinin, Calbindin, or Tyrosine hydroxylase (Th). Combinations of transcription factors used to specify the phenotype of progenitors are referred to as transcription factor codes, and the current understanding of transcription factor codes that specify OB inhibitory neuron phenotypes are largely based on studies in mice. The conservation of these transcription factor codes in the human OB, however, has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to establish whether transcription factor codes in OB interneurons are conserved between mice and humans. This study compared the co-expression of Foxp2, Meis2, Pax6, and Sp8 transcription factors with Calretinin, Calbindin, or Th in human and mouse OB interneurons. This analysis found strong conservation of Calretinin co-expression with Sp8 and Meis2 as well as Th co-expression with Pax6 and Meis2. This analysis also showed that selective Foxp2 co-expression with Calbindin was conserved between mice and humans, which suggests Foxp2 is a novel determinant of the OB Calbindin interneuron phenotype. Together, the findings in this study provide insight into the conservation of transcription codes for OB interneuron phenotypes between humans and mice, as well as reveal some important differences between the species. This advance in our understanding of transcription factor codes in OB interneurons provides an important complement to the codes that have been established for other regions within the mammalian central nervous system, such as the cortex and spinal cord.
| S-EPMC4951497 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Immature neurons generated by the subpallial MGE tangentially migrate to the cortex where they become parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) and somatostatin (SST+) interneurons. Here, we show that the Sp9 transcription factor controls the development of MGE-derived cortical interneurons. SP9 is expressed in the MGE subventricular zone and in MGE-derived migrating interneurons. Sp9 null and conditional mutant mice have approximately 50% reduction of MGE-derived cortical interneurons, an ectopic aggregation of MGE-derived neurons in the embryonic ventral telencephalon, and an increased ratio of SST+/PV+ cortical interneurons. RNA-Seq and SP9 ChIP-Seq reveal that SP9 regulates MGE-derived cortical interneuron development through controlling the expression of key transcription factors Arx, Lhx6, Lhx8, Nkx2-1, and Zeb2 involved in interneuron development, as well as genes implicated in regulating interneuron migration Ackr3, Epha3, and St18. Thus, Sp9 has a central transcriptional role in MGE-derived cortical interneuron development.
| S-EPMC6519701 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Olfactory bulb (OB) interneurons are a heterogeneous population produced beginning in embryogenesis and continuing through adulthood. Understanding how this diversity arises will provide insight into how OB microcircuitry is established as well as adult neurogenesis. Particular spatial domains have been shown to contribute specific interneuron subtypes. However, the temporal profile by which OB interneuron subtypes are produced is unknown. Using inducible genetic fate mapping of Dlx1/2 precursors, we analyzed the production of seven OB interneuron subtypes and found that the generation of each subpopulation has a unique temporal signature. Within the glomerular layer, the production of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive interneurons is maximal during early embryogenesis and decreases thereafter. In contrast, the generation of calbindin interneurons is maximal during late embryogenesis and declines postnatally, whereas calretinin (CR) cell production is low during embryogenesis and increases postnatally. Parvalbumin interneurons within the external plexiform layer are produced only perinatally, whereas the generation of 5T4-positive granule cells in the mitral cell layer does not change significantly over time. CR-positive granule cells are not produced at early embryonic time points, but constitute a large percentage of the granule cells born after birth. Blanes cells in contrast are produced in greatest number during embryogenesis. Together we provide the first comprehensive analysis of the temporal generation of OB interneuron subtypes and demonstrate that the timing by which these populations are produced is tightly orchestrated.
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