Mapping cell type-specific transcriptional enhancers using high affinity, lineage-specific p300 bioChIP-seq
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE88789 | GEO | 2017/01/24
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA348551
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Determining the spatial and temporal activity patterns of enhancers remains a challenge in the functional annotation of the human genome. Here, we performed genome-wide mapping of tissue-specific in vivo binding sites for the enhancer-associated protein p300 and assessed in transgenic mice the utility of this information in identifying enhancers and predicting their activity patterns. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by massively-parallel sequencing was used to identify p300-enriched sites in mouse embryonic day 11.5 (e11.5) forebrain, midbrain, and limb. In total, 4,686 genomic regions were enriched for p300 in vivo in at least one of these tissues. To determine whether p300-binding accurately identifies enhancers and predicts their activity patterns, we tested 86 of these regions in a transgenic mouse enhancer assay at e11.5. In 88% of the cases, p300-enriched sequences were reproducible enhancers, and in 91% of these cases p300 enrichment correctly predicted the tissues in which in vivo activity was observed. Our results indicate that in vivo mapping of p300 binding to non-coding DNA is a highly effective means for identifying enhancers and their associated spatial activity patterns. Examination of p300 binding in 3 embryonic stage 11.5 mouse tissues
2009-02-11 | E-GEOD-13845 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Enhancers determine tissue-specific gene expression programs. Enhancers are marked by high histone H3 lysine 4 mono-methylation (H3K4me1) and by the acetyl-transferase p300, which has allowed genome-wide enhancer identification. However, the regulatory principles by which subsets of enhancers become active in specific developmental and/or environmental contexts are unknown. We exploited inducible p300 binding to chromatin to identify, and then mechanistically dissect, enhancers controlling endotoxin-stimulated gene expression in macrophages. In these enhancers, binding sites for the lineage-restricted and constitutive Ets protein PU.1 coexisted with those for ubiquitous stress-inducible transcription factors such as NF-kappaB, IRF, and AP-1. PU.1 was required for maintaining H3K4me1 at macrophage-specific enhancers. Reciprocally, ectopic expression of PU.1 reactivated these enhancers in fibroblasts. Thus, the combinatorial assembly of tissue- and signal-specific transcription factors determines the activity of a distinct group of enhancers. We suggest that this may represent a general paradigm in tissue-restricted and stimulus-responsive gene regulation. Chromatin immuno-precipitations of p300, PU.1 and mono-methylated H3 lysine 4 followed by multiparallel sequencing were performed in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Experiments for p300 and PU.1 were also carried out in cells treated for 2hrs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In case of p300, reads obtained from two different biological replicates were merged.
2010-03-05 | E-GEOD-19553 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:RUNX1 transcription factor (TF) is a key regulator of megakaryocytic development and when mutated is associated with familial platelet disorder and predisposition to acute myeloid leukemia (FPD-AML). We used mice lacking Runx1 specifically in megakaryocytes (MKs) to characterize the Runx1-mediated transcriptional program during advanced stages of MK differentiation. Gene expression and chromatin-immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq) of Runx1 and p300 identified functional Runx1-bound MK enhancers. Runx1/p300 co-bound regions showed significant enrichment in genes important for MK and platelet homeostasis. Runx1-bound regions were highly enriched in RUNX and ETS motifs and to a lesser extent in GATA motif. The data provides the first example of genome-wide Runx1/p300 occupancy in maturating FL-MK, unravels the Runx1-regulated program controlling MK maturation in vivo and identifies its bona fide regulated genes. It advances our understanding of the molecular events that upon mutations in RUNX1 lead to the predisposition to familial platelet disorders and FPD-AML. Gene expression profiles of mature megakaryocytes taken from fetal livers of megakaryocyte-specific Runx1 knockout mice, using Runx1F/F/Pf4-Cre mice versus control (WT) mice.
2013-03-22 | E-GEOD-45373 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Mapping cell type-specific transcriptional enhancers using high affinity, lineage-specific p300 bioChIP-seq
| PRJNA348551 | ENA
Project description:Determining the spatial and temporal activity patterns of enhancers remains a challenge in the functional annotation of the human genome. Here, we performed genome-wide mapping of tissue-specific in vivo binding sites for the enhancer-associated protein p300 and assessed in transgenic mice the utility of this information in identifying enhancers and predicting their activity patterns. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by massively-parallel sequencing was used to identify p300-enriched sites in mouse embryonic day 11.5 (e11.5) forebrain, midbrain, and limb. In total, 4,686 genomic regions were enriched for p300 in vivo in at least one of these tissues. To determine whether p300-binding accurately identifies enhancers and predicts their activity patterns, we tested 86 of these regions in a transgenic mouse enhancer assay at e11.5. In 88% of the cases, p300-enriched sequences were reproducible enhancers, and in 91% of these cases p300 enrichment correctly predicted the tissues in which in vivo activity was observed. Our results indicate that in vivo mapping of p300 binding to non-coding DNA is a highly effective means for identifying enhancers and their associated spatial activity patterns.
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Project description:STAT5, a member of the family of Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription senses cytokines and controls the biology of cell lineages, including mammary, liver and T cells. Here we show that STAT5 activates lineage-specific and widely expressed genes through different mechanisms. STAT5 preferentially binds to promoter sequences of cytokine-responsive genes expressed across cell types and to putative enhancers of lineage-specific genes. While chromatin accessibility of STAT5-based enhancers was dependent on cytokine exposure, STAT5-responsive promoters of widely expressed target genes were generally constitutively accessible. While the contribution of STAT5 to enhancers is well established, its role on promoters is poorly understood. To address this we focused on Socs2, a widely expressed cytokine-sensing gene. Upon deletion of the STAT5 response elements from the Socs2 promoter, cytokine induction was abrogated, while basal activity remained intact. Our data suggest that promoter-bound STAT5 modulates cytokine responses and enhancer-bound STAT5 is mandatory for gene activation.
2016-12-20 | GSE82275 | GEO
Project description:Signaling pathways are intimately involved in cellular differentiation, allowing cells to respond to their environment by regulating gene expression. While enhancers are recognized as key elements that regulate selective gene expression, the interplay between signaling pathways and actively used enhancer elements is not clear. Here, we use CD4+ T cells as a model of differentiation, mapping the acquisition of cell-type-specific enhancer elements in T-helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cells. Our data establish that STAT proteins have a major impact on the acquisition of lineage-specific enhancers and the suppression of enhancers associated with alternative cell fates. Transcriptome analysis further supports a functional role for enhancers regulated by STATs. Importantly, expression of lineage-defining master regulators in STAT-deficient cells fails to fully recover the chromatin signature of STAT-dependent enhancers. Thus, these findings point to a critical role of STATs as environmental sensors in dynamically molding the specialized enhancer architecture of differentiating cells. Active enhancer elements were defined as p300-high/H3K4me1-high. Using ChIP-seq, we mapped active enhancer landscapes of two CD4+ T helper cells, Th1 and Th2. To investigate the effect of STAT proteins on this landscape, we profiled active enhancers in the absence of STATs. Overall, STATs deficiency had a major impact on recruitment of p300. In addition, ectopic expression of master regulators T-bet and GATA3 in STAT-deficient cells failed to recover most active enhancers.
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Project description:The clustered homeobox proteins play crucial roles in development, hematopoiesis and leukemia yet the targets they regulate and their mechanisms of action are poorly understood. Here, we identified the binding sites for Hoxa9 and the Hox cofactor Meis1 on a genome-wide level and profiled their associated epigenetic modifications and transcriptional targets. Hoxa9 and the Hox cofactor Meis1 co-bind at hundreds of highly evolutionarily-conserved sites, most of which are distant from transcription start sites. These sites show high levels of histone H3K4 monomethylation and CBP/P300 binding characteristic of enhancers. Furthermore, a subset of these sites shows enhancer activity in transient transfection assays. Many Hoxa9 and Meis1 binding sites are also bound by PU.1 and other lineage-restricted transcription factors previously implicated in establishment of myeloid enhancers. Conditional Hoxa9 activation is associated with CBP/P300 recruitment, histone acetylation and transcriptional activation of a network of proto-oncogenes including Erg, Flt3, Lmo2, Myb and Sox4. Collectively this work suggests that Hoxa9 regulates transcription by interacting with enhancers of genes important for hematopoiesis and leukemia. To identify the genome-wide binding sites for Hoxa9 and the Hox cofactor Meis1
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Project description:[1] Gene expression profiling in Gata4, Mef2a knockdown in HL-1 cells. HL-1 cells infected with adenovirus expressing either control siRNA or Gata4, and Gata4 & Mef2a siRNA. [2] Genome-wide maps of cardiac transcription factors binding region in HL-1 cells. We performed bio-ChIP-seq using streptavidin beads immunoprecipitation of biotinylated 5 cardiac transcription factors (fbio) and P300 antibody ChIP-seq. We used a dox-inducible dual adenovirus system to express biotinylated Core Cardiac TFs in HL1. One adenovirus expressed the dox-activated reverse tet activator protein (rtTA) and the E. coli biotinylating enzyme BirA from the cardiac specific rat troponin T promoter. The second virus expressed a Core Cardiac TF fused to a C-terminal flag-bio epitope tag, where bio is the 15 amino acid substrate for BirA. This in vivo biotinylation approach permits pulldown of different factors to be performed under identical, stringent conditions, and circumvents limitations posed by available antibodies. We titrated adenovirus and dox doses to express GATA4flbio and MEF2Aflbio at near endogenous levels. The same conditions were then used to express SRFflbio, TBX5flbio, and NKX2-5flbio. Reference: 12. de Boer E, Rodriguez P, Bonte E, Krijgsveld J, Katsantoni E et al. (2003) Efficient biotinylation and single-step purification of tagged transcription factors in mammalian cells and transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100: 7480-7485. [1] Gene expression profiling: Identify differentially expressed genes after siRNA Gata4 or Gata4_Mef2a double knockdown in HL-1 cells [2] Genome occupancy profiling: Identify cardiac active enhancers by identified 5 cardiac transcription factors and P300 peaks.
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Project description:Enhancers provide critical information directing cell-type specific transcriptional programs, regulated by binding of signal-dependent transcription factors and their associated cofactors. Here we report that the most strongly activated estrogen (E2)-responsive enhancers are characterized by trans-recruitment and in situ assembly of a large 1-2MDa complex of diverse DNA-binding transcription factors by ERα at ERE-containing enhancers. We refer to enhancers recruiting these factors as mega transcription factor-bound in trans (MegaTrans) enhancers. The MegaTrans complex is a signature of the most potent functional enhancers and is required for activation of enhancer RNA transcription and recruitment of coactivators, including p300 and Med1. The MegaTrans complex functions, in part, by recruiting specific enzymatic machinery, exemplified by DNA-dependent protein kinase. Thus, MegaTrans-containing enhancers represent a cohort of functional enhancers that mediate a broad and important transcriptional program and provide a molecular explanation for transcription factor clustering and hotspots noted in the genome. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay followed by high throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq)
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