Project description:The objective of this study was to examine changes in muscle gene expression of growing bulls during a period of dietary energy restriction followed by a period of subsequent realimentation and compensatory growth. Purebred Holstein Friesian bulls (n=20) were assigned to one of two feeding treatments (i) restricted feed allowance for 125 days (n=10) followed by ad libitum access to feed for a further 55 days or (ii) a control group with ad libitum access to feed through out the 180 days trial (n=10). The first 125 days of the trial were denoted as Peirod 1, during which treatment groups were fed differentially. The subsequent 55 days, denoted as Period 2 during which all bulls were fed ad libitum. All bulls received the same diet of 70% concentrate 30% grass silage through out the experimental trial,with the amount of feed provided different dependnet on each treatment group. Muscle biopsies were collected at 2 time points (end of the differential feeding in Period 1 (d 120) and during the realimentation phase in Period 2 (d 15 of re-alimentation). RNA was extracted and muscle gene expression was examined using RNAseq technology and bioinformatic analysis. During the differential feeding period, over-represented pathways including fatty acid beta oxidaiton, oxidative phosphorylation and TCA cyclewere identified, which indicate utilisation of lipid sotes for energy utilisaiton and also alterations in energy produciton during dietary restriciton in muscle. During the realimentation period, pathways involved in energy produciton were over-represented, with the direction of fold changes opposite to that of these pathways in Period 1. additionally, a number of genes involved in cell division and cellular proliferation were up-regulated during compensatory growth in re-alimentation, thereby promoting accelerated cell growth and proliferation in muscle tissue of animals experiencing compensatory growth. This information can be exploited in genomic breeding programmes to assist selection of cattle with a greater ability to compensate following a period dietary restriction. 40 muscle RNA samples were analysed in total. 10 samples were from muscle biopsies collected at the end of a period of dietary restriction (d 120) and 10 samples were from muscle biopsis collected during the initial stages of compensatory growth (d 15 of re-alimentation). In addition, RNA was also anlaysed from 10 samples collected from animals fed a libitum at each of these two timepoints.

Project description:The objective of this study was to examine changes in muscle gene expression of growing bulls during a period of dietary energy restriction followed by a period of subsequent realimentation and compensatory growth. Purebred Holstein Friesian bulls (n=20) were assigned to one of two feeding treatments (i) restricted feed allowance for 125 days (n=10) followed by ad libitum access to feed for a further 55 days or (ii) a control group with ad libitum access to feed through out the 180 days trial (n=10). The first 125 days of the trial were denoted as Peirod 1, during which treatment groups were fed differentially. The subsequent 55 days, denoted as Period 2 during which all bulls were fed ad libitum. All bulls received the same diet of 70% concentrate 30% grass silage through out the experimental trial,with the amount of feed provided different dependnet on each treatment group. Muscle biopsies were collected at 2 time points (end of the differential feeding in Period 1 (d 120) and during the realimentation phase in Period 2 (d 15 of re-alimentation). RNA was extracted and muscle gene expression was examined using RNAseq technology and bioinformatic analysis. During the differential feeding period, over-represented pathways including fatty acid beta oxidaiton, oxidative phosphorylation and TCA cyclewere identified, which indicate utilisation of lipid sotes for energy utilisaiton and also alterations in energy produciton during dietary restriciton in muscle. During the realimentation period, pathways involved in energy produciton were over-represented, with the direction of fold changes opposite to that of these pathways in Period 1. additionally, a number of genes involved in cell division and cellular proliferation were up-regulated during compensatory growth in re-alimentation, thereby promoting accelerated cell growth and proliferation in muscle tissue of animals experiencing compensatory growth. This information can be exploited in genomic breeding programmes to assist selection of cattle with a greater ability to compensate following a period dietary restriction.

Project description:The objective of this study was to examine changes in muscle gene expression of growing steers during a period of dietary energy restriction followed by a period of realimentation. Crossbred Aberdeen Angus x Holstein Friesian (n = 24) steers were assigned to one of two feeding treatments. Over a 99 d period, 1 group (n=12) was offered a high energy control diet consisting of concentrates ad libitum and 7 kg of grass silage per head daily. The second group (n=12) was offered an energy restricted diet consisting of grass silage ad libitum plus 0.5 kg of concentrate per head per day. From the end of the differential feeding period (99 d), both groups of animals were offered a total mixed ration (grass silage:concentrate ratio of 80:20). This period, which lasted 200 d, was known as the realimentation period. All animals were slaughtered on d 299 of the study. Muscle biopsies were collected at 2 time points (end of the differential feeding period (d 99) and during the realimentation period (d131). RNA was extracted and muscle gene expression was examined using RNA-seq technology and bioinformatic analysis. During the differential feeding period, 17 over-represented pathways were identified, including the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signalling, glycolysis/ gluconeogenesis and metabolic pathways controlling the metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins which indicate reduced energy intake and fat tissue accumulation occurring in muscle tissue during the restriction phase. During the realimentation period, 164 differentially expressed genes were annotated to 9 over-represented pathways including starch and sucrose metabolism, carbohydrate digestion and absorption and TGF-β signalling pathway. It is hypothesised that the signalling effects of the TGF-β pathway were reduced thereby promoting accelerated cell growth and proliferation in muscle tissue of animals experiencing compensatory growth. This information can be exploited in genomic breeding programmes to assist selection of cattle with a greater ability to compensate following a period dietary restriction. 24 muscle RNA samples were analysed in total. 6 samples were from muscle biopsies collected at the end of a period of dietary restriction (d99) and 6 samples were from muscle biopsies collected at the peak of compensatory growth (d131). In addition, RNA was also analysed from 6 samples collected from animals fed ad libitum at each of these two timepoints.

Project description:The objective of this study was to examine changes in muscle gene expression of growing steers during a period of dietary energy restriction followed by a period of realimentation. Crossbred Aberdeen Angus x Holstein Friesian (n = 24) steers were assigned to one of two feeding treatments. Over a 99 d period, 1 group (n=12) was offered a high energy control diet consisting of concentrates ad libitum and 7 kg of grass silage per head daily. The second group (n=12) was offered an energy restricted diet consisting of grass silage ad libitum plus 0.5 kg of concentrate per head per day. From the end of the differential feeding period (99 d), both groups of animals were offered a total mixed ration (grass silage:concentrate ratio of 80:20). This period, which lasted 200 d, was known as the realimentation period. All animals were slaughtered on d 299 of the study. Muscle biopsies were collected at 2 time points (end of the differential feeding period (d 99) and during the realimentation period (d131). RNA was extracted and muscle gene expression was examined using RNA-seq technology and bioinformatic analysis. During the differential feeding period, 17 over-represented pathways were identified, including the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signalling, glycolysis/ gluconeogenesis and metabolic pathways controlling the metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins which indicate reduced energy intake and fat tissue accumulation occurring in muscle tissue during the restriction phase. During the realimentation period, 164 differentially expressed genes were annotated to 9 over-represented pathways including starch and sucrose metabolism, carbohydrate digestion and absorption and TGF-β signalling pathway. It is hypothesised that the signalling effects of the TGF-β pathway were reduced thereby promoting accelerated cell growth and proliferation in muscle tissue of animals experiencing compensatory growth. This information can be exploited in genomic breeding programmes to assist selection of cattle with a greater ability to compensate following a period dietary restriction.

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RNA-seq analysis of differential gene expression in rumen papillae from Holstein Friesian bulls undergoing diet restriction and compensatory growth

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