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A new model for long-range chromatin reorganization linked to enhancer activation [Agilent_ChIP]

ABSTRACT: The most prominent model for long-range enhancer regulation involves direct enhancer-promoter interaction by looping out the intervening chromatin. Using a synthetic biology approach, we have determined that a chromatin unfolding bteween Shh and its enhancers is regulated specifically by the Shh-Brain-Enhancers and is mediated by the recruitment of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1. This ‘chromatin unfolding’ model represents a new mechanism of long-range enhancer-promoter communication in addition to the looping and tracking models. ChIP-on-chip for H3K27me3 on the Shh regulatory region on ESCs and transfected ESCs and NPC showed no loss of Polycomb marks upon Shh activation.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE89550 | GEO | 2016/11/04

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA352543

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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A new model for long-range chromatin reorganisation linked to enhancer activation [ChIP-chip]

Project description:The most prominent model for long-range enhancer regulation involves direct enhancer-promoter interaction by looping out the intervening chromatin. Using a synthetic biology approach, we have determined that a chromatin unfolding between Shh and its enhancers is regulated specifically by the Shh-Brain-Enhancers and is mediated by the recruitment of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1. This ‘chromatin unfolding’ model represents a new mechanism of long-range enhancer-promoter communication in addition to the looping and tracking models. ChIP-on-chip for H3K27me3 and H3K27ac on the Shh regulatory region on ESCs and transfected ESCs showed a gain of H3k27ac specifically on active enhancers and no loss of Polycomb marks upon Shh activation.

2018-12-01 | GSE115642 | GEO

A new model for long-range chromatin reorganization linked to enhancer activation [Agilent_RNA]

Project description:The most prominent model for long-range enhancer regulation involves direct enhancer-promoter interaction by looping out the intervening chromatin. Using a synthetic biology approach, we have determined that a chromatin unfolding bteween Shh and its enhancers is regulated specifically by the Shh-Brain-Enhancers and is mediated by the recruitment of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1. This ‘chromatin unfolding’ model represents a new mechanism of long-range enhancer-promoter communication in addition to the looping and tracking models. RNA-on-chip for probing nuclear RNA on the Shh regulatory region on ESCs and NPC showed no spreading of nuclear RNA in the regulatory region upon Shh activation.

2016-11-04 | GSE89515 | GEO

A new model for long-range chromatin reorganization linked to enhancer activation [5C]

Project description:The most prominent model for long-range enhancer regulation involves direct enhancer-promoter interaction by looping out the intervening chromatin. Using a synthetic biology approach, we have determined that a chromatin unfolding bteween Shh and its enhancers is regulated specifically by the Shh-Brain-Enhancers and is mediated by the recruitment of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1. This ‘chromatin unfolding’ model represents a new mechanism of long-range enhancer-promoter communication in addition to the looping and tracking models. Using 5C study the enhancer-driven activation of the Sonic hedgehog gene (Shh)

2016-11-02 | GSE89388 | GEO

Dynamic-network-guided CRISPRi screen identifies CTCF loop-constrained 1 nonlinear enhancer-gene regulatory activity in cell state transitions

Project description:Enhancers play key roles in gene regulation. However, comprehensive enhancer discovery is challenging because most enhancers, especially those affected in complex diseases, have weak effects on gene expression. Through gene regulatory network modeling, we identified that dynamic cell state transitions, a critical missing component in prevalent enhancer discovery strategies, can be utilized to improve the cells’ sensitivity to enhancer perturbation. Guided by the modeling results, we performed a mid-transition CRISPRi-based enhancer screen utilizing human embryonic stem cell definitive endoderm differentiation as a dynamic transition system. The screen discovered a comprehensive set of enhancers (4 to 9 per locus) for each of the core lineage-specifying transcription factors (TFs), including many enhancers with weak to moderate effects. Integrating the screening results with enhancer activity measurements (ATAC-seq, H3K27ac ChIP-seq) and three-dimensional enhancer-promoter interaction information (CTCF looping, Hi-C), we were able to develop a CTCF loop-constrained Interaction Activity (CIA) model that can better predict functional enhancers compared to models that rely on Hi-C-based enhancer-promoter contact frequency. Together, our dynamic network-guided enhancer screen and the CIA enhancer prediction model provide generalizable strategies for sensitive and more comprehensive enhancer discovery in both normal and pathological cell state transitions.

2023-06-17 | PXD043070 | Pride

Shh and ZRS enhancer co-localization is specific to the zone of polarizing activity

Project description:Limb-specific expression of Shh is regulated by the long-range (~one megabasepair distant) ZRS enhancer. In the mouse, murine limb bud restricted spatiotemporal expression of Shh occurs from ~E10 until E11.5 at the distal posterior margin is essential for the correct formation of the autopod. Here, we have analyzed the higher-order chromatin conformation of Shh in expressing and non-expressing tissues, both by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and by chromosome conformation capture (5C). Conventional and super-resolution light microscopy identified significantly elevated frequences of Shh/ZRS co-localization only in the Shh expressing regions of the limb bud consistent with the formation of an enhancer-promoter loop. However, Shh-ZRS spatial distances were consistently shorter than intervening distances to a neural enhancer in all tissues and developmental stages analyzed – regardless of Shh expression. 5C also identified a topologically associating domain (TAD) over the Shh-ZRS genomic region and enriched interactions between Shh and ZRS, but in the head, body and limb buds of E11.5 embryos, so also not linked to Shh expression. We show that gene-enhancer (Shh/ZRS) co-localization correlates with the spatiotemporal domain of limb bud-specific Shh expression, but that close Shh/ZRS proximity in the nucleus occurs regardless of whether the gene or enhancer is active. We suggest that this constrained chromatin configuration optimises the opportunity for the active enhancer to locate and instigate Shh expression.

2016-05-03 | GSE79947 | GEO

Homo sapiens

Project description:FOXF1 promoter-putative enhancer chromatin looping

| PRJNA170423 | ENA

Identification of a novel long-range enhancer driving Sonic Hedgehog expression in neural progenitor cells

Project description:A novel long-range enhancer for Shh - Shh-Brain-Enhancer-6 (SBE6) – that is located 100kb upstream of Shh and that is required for the proper induction of Shh expression during neural differentiation ChIP-on-chip for H3K4me1 and H3K27ac in ESCs and NPCs showed a gain of these two enhancer marks in NPCs at SBE6 which identified this sequence as having potential enhancer activity.

2017-01-01 | GSE84168 | GEO

Enhancer-bound LDB1 Regulates a Corticotrope Promoter Pausing Repression Program [ChIP-seq]

Project description:Substantial evidence supports the hypothesis that enhancers are critical regulators of cell type determination, orchestrating both positive and negative transcriptional programs; however, the basic mechanisms by which enhancers orchestrate interactions with cognate promoters during activation and repression events remain incompletely understood. Here we report the required actions of the LIM domain binding protein, LDB1/CLIM2/NLI, interacting with the enhancer binding protein, ASCL1, to mediate looping to target gene promoters and target gene regulation in corticotrope cells. LDB1-mediated enhancer:promoter looping appears to be required for both activation and repression of these target target gene promoter genes. While LDB1-dependend activated genes are regulated at the level of transcriptional initiation, the LDB1-dependent repressed transcription units appear to be regulated primarily at the level of promoter pausing, with LDB1 regulating recruitment of MTA2, a component of the NuRD complex, on these negative enhancers, required for the repressive enhancer function. These results indicate that LDB1-dependent looping events can deliver repressive cargo to cognate promoters to mediate promoter pausing events in a pituitary cell type. ChIP assay followed by high throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq)

2015-02-03 | E-GEOD-64483 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Enhancer-bound LDB1 Regulates a Corticotrope Promoter Pausing Repression Program [GRO-seq]

Project description:Substantial evidence supports the hypothesis that enhancers are critical regulators of cell type determination, orchestrating both positive and negative transcriptional programs; however, the basic mechanisms by which enhancers orchestrate interactions with cognate promoters during activation and repression events remain incompletely understood. Here we report the required actions of the LIM domain binding protein, LDB1/CLIM2/NLI, interacting with the enhancer binding protein, ASCL1, to mediate looping to target gene promoters and target gene regulation in corticotrope cells. LDB1-mediated enhancer:promoter looping appears to be required for both activation and repression of these target target gene promoter genes. While LDB1-dependend activated genes are regulated at the level of transcriptional initiation, the LDB1-dependent repressed transcription units appear to be regulated primarily at the level of promoter pausing, with LDB1 regulating recruitment of MTA2, a component of the NuRD complex, on these negative enhancers, required for the repressive enhancer function. These results indicate that LDB1-dependent looping events can deliver repressive cargo to cognate promoters to mediate promoter pausing events in a pituitary cell type. Global Run On (GRO) assay followed by high throughput sequencing (GRO-seq)

2015-02-03 | E-GEOD-64515 | biostudies-arrayexpress

BACH1 Recruits NANOG and Histone H3 Lysine 4 Methyltransferase MLL/SET1 Complexes to Regulate Enhancer-promoter Activity and Maintains Pluripotency

Project description:Maintenance of stem-cell identity requires proper regulation of enhancer activity. Both transcription factors OCT4/SOX2/NANOG and histone methyltransferase complexes MLL/SET1 were shown to regulate enhancer activity, but how they are regulated in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) remains further studies. Here, we report a transcription factor BACH1, who which directly interacts with OCT4/SOX2/NANOG (OSN) and MLL/SET1 methyltransferase complexes and maintains pluripotency in mouse ESCs (mESCs). BTB domain and bZIP domain of BACH1 are required for these interactions and pluripotency maintenance. Loss of BACH1 reduced the interaction between NANOG and MLL1/SET1 complexes, and decreased their occupancy on chromatin, and further decreased H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) level on gene promoters and (super-) enhancers, leading to decreased enhancer activity and transcription activity, especially on stemness-related genes. Moreover, BACH1 recruited NANOG through chromatin looping and regulated remote NANOG binding, fine-tuning enhancer-promoter activity and gene expression. Collectively, these observations suggest that BACH1 maintains pluripotency in ESCs by recruiting NANOG and MLL/SET1 complexes to chromatin and maintaining the trimethylated state of H3K4 and enhancer-promoter activity, especially on stemness-related genes.

2021-01-12 | GSE142519 | GEO

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