Transcriptomic analysis of intestinal epithelial Sox4 knockout
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE90795 | GEO | 2018/11/22
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are responsible for maintaining the physiological function of the intestinal epithelium through the production of differentiated absorptive and secretory cellular lineages. In addition to producing specialized functional cells, ISCs must also drive constant proliferation in order to maintain the especially high rate of cellular turnover in the intestinal epithelium, which undergoes near total renewal every 5-7 days. Understanding the transcriptional mechanisms that control how ISCs and transit-amplifying progenitors (TAs) balance differentiation and proliferation in the intestine may provide valuable insight into common pathologies, such as inflammatory bowel disease and cancer. Here, we show that the Sry¬¬-box containing transcription factor, Sox4, is involved in the regulation of proliferation in the ISC/TA zone, the expression of ISC-associated genes, and the differentiation of enteroendocrine (EE) cells. Interestingly, we also observed a significant reduction in the expression of the methylcytosine dioxygenase, Tet1, in Sox4-deficient intestines. We find that Tet1, which initiates derepression of target genes via DNA demethylation, is specifically upregulated in ISC populations in wild-type animals. Additionally, Sox4-deficient intestines showed a significant reduction in levels of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, the catalytic byproduct of TET protein activity, in the ISC/TA zone. Together, our data demonstrate that Sox4 regulates differentiation and proliferation in the intestinal epithelium, and suggests that it may influence these processes through induction of Tet1 and subsequent derepression of target genes through epigenetic mechanisms.
2014-12-31 | GSE52675 | GEO
Project description:Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells (ISCs) play crucial roles in maintenance of the intestinal epithelium renewal and regeneration after injury. The mechanism underlying the interplay between Wnt and BMP signaling is not fully understood. Here we report that Bcl11b, which is downregulated by BMP signaling, enhances Wnt signaling to maintain Lgr5+ ISCs and promote the regeneration of the intestinal epithelium following damage. Conditional inactivation of the Bcl11b gene leads to a significant decrease of Lgr5+ ISCs in both mouse intestinal crypts and cultured organoids. Mechanistically, BMP suppresses the expression of Bcl11b, which can positively regulate Wnt target genes by inhibiting the function of the Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase (NuRD) complex and facilitating the β-catenin-TCF4 interaction. Bcl11b can also promote intestinal epithelium repair after injuries elicited by both irradiation and DSS-induced inflammation. Furthermore, Bcl11b deletion prevents proliferation and tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer cells. Together, our findings suggest that BMP balances Wnt signaling via Bcl11b to delicately regulate the homeostasis and regeneration of the intestinal epithelium.
2024-10-15 | GSE255138 | GEO
Project description:Intestinal epithelial stem cells (ISCs) are the focus of recent intense study. Current in vitro models rely on supplementation with the Wnt agonist R-spondin1 to support robust growth, ISC self-renewal, and differentiation. Intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts (ISEMFs) are important supportive cells within the ISC niche. We hypothesized that co-culture with ISEMF enhances the growth of ISCs in vitro and allows for their successful in vivo implantation and engraftment. ISC-containing small intestinal crypts, FACS-sorted single ISCs, and ISEMFs were procured from C57BL/6 mice. Crypts and single ISCs were grown in vitro into enteroids, in the presence or absence of ISEMFs. ISEMFs enhanced the growth of intestinal epithelium in vitro in a proximity-dependent fashion, with co-cultures giving rise to larger enteroids than monocultures. Co-culture of ISCs with supportive ISEMFs relinquished the requirement of exogenous R-spondin1 to sustain long-term growth and differentiation of ISCs. Mono- and co-cultures were implanted subcutaneously in syngeneic mice. Co-culture with ISEMFs proved necessary for successful in vivo engraftment and proliferation of enteroids; implants without ISEMFs did not survive. ISEMF whole transcriptome sequencing and qPCR demonstrated high expression of specific R-spondins, well-described Wnt agonists that supports ISC growth. Specific non-supportive ISEMF populations had reduced expression of R-spondins. The addition of ISEMFs in intestinal epithelial culture therefore recapitulates a critical element of the intestinal stem cell niche and allows for its experimental interrogation and biodesign-driven manipulation. Two samples of intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts were used in this study.
2013-12-20 | E-GEOD-52402 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The small intestine is responsible for nutrient absorption and it is one of the most important interfaces between the environment and our body. During aging, changes in the structure of the epithelium lead to food malabsorption and reduced barrier function thus increasing disease risk in aging. The molecular drivers of these alterations remain poorly understood. Here, we compared the proteomes of small intestinal crypts from mice across different anatomical regions and age groups. We found that aging alters epithelial immune responses, metabolic networks and stem cell proliferation, and it is accompanied by a region-dependent skewing in the cellular composition of the intestinal epithelium. Of note, a short period of dietary restriction followed by re-feeding partially restores the epithelium to a youthful state by promoting the differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) towards the secretory lineage. Using in vitro and in vivo studies, we identify Hmgcs2 (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthetase 2) – the rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis of ketone bodies – as a modulator of ISCs differentiation, which responds to dietary changes. This study provides an atlas of age-dependent proteome changes in defined regions of the intestinal epithelium and characterizes how young and old mice adapt to drastic changes of diet, such as dietary restriction and re-feeding.
2020-04-29 | PXD014311 | Pride
Project description:Sox4 is a transcription factor expressed during embryonic development and some adult tissues such as lymphoid organs, pancreas, intestine and skin. During embryogenesis, Sox4 regulates the survival of mesenchymal and neural progenitors, lymphocyte and myeloid differentiation, and pancreatic, bone and cardiac development. Aberrantly increased Sox4 expression is linked to malignant transformation and metastasis in several types of human cancer. To study the role of Sox4 in the adult organism, we first generated mice with reduced whole-body Sox4 expression. These mice display a plethora of age-related degenerative disorders and reduced spontaneous cancer incidence, indicating a role for this protein in maintaining adult tissue homeostasis and in tumor growth. To specifically address a role for Sox4 in adult stem cells, we conditionally deleted Sox4 (Sox4cKO) in stratified epithelia. Sox4cKO mice show increased skin stem cell quiescence and DNA damage accumulation, accompanied by resistance to chemical carcinogenesis. These phenotypes correlate with downregulation of cell cycle, DNA repair and skin stem cell genes in the absence of Sox4. Altogether, these findings highlight the importance of Sox4 in adult tissue homeostasis and cancer. Sox4 WT and cKO (conditional KO in skin) skin was collected for microarray hybridization, to study the contribution of Sox4 to skin homeostasis in basal conditions (Telogen)
2015-05-20 | E-GEOD-58154 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The essential functions of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are to self-renew and give rise to progenitors that subsequently differentiate to absorptive or secretory cells, thus maintaining homeostasis in the intestinal epithelium. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptomic and epigenetic changes of ISCs with Klf5 deletion to understand the role of KLF5 in ISC identity and functions.
2021-10-28 | GSE122278 | GEO
Project description:Intestinal polyposis, a precancerous neoplasia, results primarily from an abnormal increase in the number of crypts. Crypts contain intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Thus intestinal polyposis provides an ideal condition for studying stem cell involvement in polyp/tumor formation. Using a conditional knock-out mouse model, we found that the tumor suppressor Phosphatase of Tension homolog (PTEN) governs the proliferation rate and number of ISCs and loss of PTEN results in an excess of ISCs. In PTEN mutants, excess ISCs initiate de-novo crypt formation and crypt fission, recapitulating crypt production in fetal/neonatal intestine. Microarray studies were used to profile the changes in gene expression that occurred when PTEN was knocked out in the intestine. Keywords: Disease state analysis, genetic modification, Intestinal polyposis, PTEN mutant, Cowden disease mouse model
2006-11-18 | GSE6078 | GEO
Project description:Sox4 is a transcription factor expressed during embryonic development and some adult tissues such as lymphoid organs, pancreas, intestine and skin. During embryogenesis, Sox4 regulates the survival of mesenchymal and neural progenitors, lymphocyte and myeloid differentiation, and pancreatic, bone and cardiac development. Aberrantly increased Sox4 expression is linked to malignant transformation and metastasis in several types of human cancer. To study the role of Sox4 in the adult organism, we first generated mice with reduced whole-body Sox4 expression. These mice display a plethora of age-related degenerative disorders and reduced spontaneous cancer incidence, indicating a role for this protein in maintaining adult tissue homeostasis and in tumor growth. To specifically address a role for Sox4 in adult stem cells, we conditionally deleted Sox4 (Sox4cKO) in stratified epithelia. Sox4cKO mice show increased skin stem cell quiescence and DNA damage accumulation, accompanied by resistance to chemical carcinogenesis. These phenotypes correlate with downregulation of cell cycle, DNA repair and skin stem cell genes in the absence of Sox4. Altogether, these findings highlight the importance of Sox4 in adult tissue homeostasis and cancer. Sox4 WT and cKO (conditional KO in skin) were plucked and skin was collected for microarray hibridization, to study the contribution of Sox4 to hair regeneration and hair follicle stem cell activation
2015-05-20 | E-GEOD-58153 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Intestinal polyposis, a precancerous neoplasia, results primarily from an abnormal increase in the number of crypts. Crypts contain intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Thus intestinal polyposis provides an ideal condition for studying stem cell involvement in polyp/tumor formation. Using a conditional knock-out mouse model, we found that the tumor suppressor Phosphatase of Tension homolog (PTEN) governs the proliferation rate and number of ISCs and loss of PTEN results in an excess of ISCs. In PTEN mutants, excess ISCs initiate de-novo crypt formation and crypt fission, recapitulating crypt production in fetal/neonatal intestine. Microarray studies were used to profile the changes in gene expression that occurred when PTEN was knocked out in the intestine. Experiment Overall Design: A conditional PTEN mutant allele [Groszer, M. et al. Negative regulation of neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation by the Pten tumor suppressor gene in vivo. Science 294, 2186-2189 (2001).] was combined with in interferon inducible Mx1-Cre [Kuhn, R., Schwenk, F., Aguet, M. & Rajewsky, K. Inducible gene targeting in mice. Science 269, 1427-1429 (1995).] to enable PTEN to be deleted from the intestine by administration of polyinosinicâ??polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C). PolyI:C was administered at weaning (every other day, five times total) to three PTEN mutant (Mx1-Cre positive:PTENfx/fx) and two control (Mx1-Cre negative:PTENfx/+) animals. Intestinal polyps (from PTEN mutants) and equivalent regions of intestine (from controls) were isolated 30 days after the final polyI:C injection. Microarray analysis compared the gene expression profiles of PTEN mutant polyps and control intestines. Genes were considered up-regulated or down-regulated if all of the following conditions were met: 1) There was at least a two-fold change in the average probe signal measured between controls and mutants; 2) There was no overlap between the range of mutant and control data; and 3) The control mean was outside the 95% confidence interval of the PTEN-mutant mean.
2008-06-14 | E-GEOD-6078 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) residing in the crypts are critical for the continual self-renewal and rapid recovery of intestinal epithelium. The regulatory mechanism of ISCs is not fully understood. Here we report that CREPT, a recently identified tumor-promoting gene, is preferably expressed in the crypts, where the ISCs reside, but not in the villi. To explore the function of CREPT in ISCs, we isolated crypts to perform Next generation sequencing.
2020-11-08 | GSE143695 | GEO