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Cooperative binding of Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4 with stage-specific transcription factors orchestrates reprogramming [ATAC-seq]

ABSTRACT: Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and cMyc (OSKM) reprogram somatic cells to pluripotency. To gain a mechanistic understanding of their function, we mapped OSKM-binding, stage-specific transcription-factors (TFs), and chromatin-states in discrete reprogramming stages and performed loss- and gain-of-function experiments. We found that early in reprogramming OSK extensively bind somatic-enhancers and initiate their decommissioning by recruiting Hdac1. Concurrently, OSK engage other sites, including specific pluripotency-enhancers, and induce the relocation of somatic TFs to these sites and away from somatic-enhancers, extending somatic-enhancer decommissioning genome-wide. Pluripotency-enhancer selection early in reprogramming occurs predominantly at sites with high OSK-motif densities and requires collaborative binding by OSK. Most pluripotency-enhancers are selected later and occupied by OS and stage-specific-TFs like Esrrb. Overexpression of stage-specific-TFs influences reprogramming efficiency by changing OSK-occupancy, somatic-enhancer decommissioning, and pluripotency-enhancer selection. We propose that collaborative interactions among OSK and with stage-specific-TFs direct both somatic-enhancer decommissioning and pluripotency-enhancer selection, which drives the enhancer reorganization underlying reprogramming

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE90892 | GEO | 2017/01/19

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA356293

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Cooperative binding of Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4 with stage-specific transcription factors orchestrates reprogramming [RNA-seq]

Project description:Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and cMyc (OSKM) reprogram somatic cells to pluripotency. To gain a mechanistic understanding of their function, we mapped OSKM-binding, stage-specific transcription-factors (TFs), and chromatin-states in discrete reprogramming stages and performed loss- and gain-of-function experiments. We found that early in reprogramming OSK extensively bind somatic-enhancers and initiate their decommissioning by recruiting Hdac1. Concurrently, OSK engage other sites, including specific pluripotency-enhancers, and induce the relocation of somatic TFs to these sites and away from somatic-enhancers, extending somatic-enhancer decommissioning genome-wide. Pluripotency-enhancer selection early in reprogramming occurs predominantly at sites with high OSK-motif densities and requires collaborative binding by OSK. Most pluripotency-enhancers are selected later and occupied by OS and stage-specific-TFs like Esrrb. Overexpression of stage-specific-TFs influences reprogramming efficiency by changing OSK-occupancy, somatic-enhancer decommissioning, and pluripotency-enhancer selection. We propose that collaborative interactions among OSK and with stage-specific-TFs direct both somatic-enhancer decommissioning and pluripotency-enhancer selection, which drives the enhancer reorganization underlying reprogramming

2017-01-19 | GSE90894 | GEO

Cooperative binding of Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4 with stage-specific transcription factors orchestrates reprogramming [ChIP-seq]

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OSKM factors cooperatively engage chromatin to initiate reprogramming

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OSKM factors cooperatively engage chromatin to initiate reprogramming

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Project description:Forced expression of four transcription factors Oct4,Sox2, Klf4 and Myc (OSKM) induces somatic cell reprogramming towards pluripotency. Major efforts have been made to characterize the molecular events involved in this process. Yet, it remains elusive how gene expression change, epigenetic landscape remodelling and cell fate conversion are triggered by expression of these Yamanaka factors.To address this gap,we utilized a secondary inducible reprogramming system and performed genome-wide profilings of Oct4 binding, histone modification(H3K4me3/H3K27me3/H3K4me1/H3K27ac), and gene expression analysis during this process. Through integrative analysis, we revealed stage-specific Oct4 binding and enhancer signatures in consistence with gene expression changes,in which the initial regression of somatic program is followed by the gradual acquisition of pluripotent program. Oct4 preferatially binds to H3K4me1 marked enhancer regions and Oct4 binding is positively correlated with active mark H3K27ac. Moreover,we observed significant enhancer activation of epigenetic related genes, especially acetylation associated genes, prior to pluripotency network activation, suggesting a pivotal role of epigenetic remodelling in the process of pluripotency acquisition and maintenance. We used ChIP-seq to explore the global changes of Oct4 binding profiling during OSKM-mediated somatic cell reprogramming. The exogenous Oct4 was tagged with 3XFlag, thus we used anti-flag antibody to monitor exogenous Oct4 changes; anti-Oct4 antibody which recognizes both endogenous and exogenous Oct4 was used to monitor total Oct4 changes during iPSC induction. In addition, we also examined genome-wide H3K4me1/H3K27ac/H3K4me3/H3K27me3/RNAPII profiling during 3Flag-OSKM 2' reprogramming.

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An Unbiased Approach to Identifying Cellular Reprogramming-Inducible Enhancers[ATAC-seq]

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Expression data from OSKM-mediated 2nd reprogramming cells and the corresponding iPS cell line

Project description:Forced expression of four transcription factors Oct4,Sox2, Klf4 and Myc (OSKM) induces somatic cell reprogramming towards pluripotency. Major efforts have been made to characterize the molecular events involved in this process. Yet, it remains elusive how gene expression change, epigenetic landscape remodelling and cell fate conversion are triggered by expression of these Yamanaka factors.To address this gap,we utilized a secondary inducible reprogramming system and performed genome-wide profilings of Oct4 binding, histone modification(H3K4me3/H3K27me3/H3K4me1/H3K27ac), and gene expression analysis during this process. Through integrative analysis, we revealed stage-specific Oct4 binding and enhancer signatures in consistence with gene expression changes,in which the initial regression of somatic program is followed by the gradual acquisition of pluripotent program. Oct4 preferatially binds to H3K4me1 marked enhancer regions and Oct4 binding is positively correlated with active mark H3K27ac. Moreover,we observed significant enhancer activation of epigenetic related genes, especially acetylation associated genes, prior to pluripotency network activation, suggesting a pivotal role of epigenetic remodelling in the process of pluripotency acquisition and maintenance. We used microarrays to explore the global changes of gene expression during OSKM-mediated somatic cell reprogramming. time series design with bulk population samples collected at different time point of 2nd reprogramming as well as a corresponding iPS cell line. Each sample include two replicates. 2nd mouse embryonic fibroblasts(sample day0) were treated with ES medium supplemented with 1Âµg/ml Doxcycline and 50Âµg/ml Vitamin C for 15 days (sample day1-day15); 72 hours after dox and Vc withdrawl, dox-independent iPS cells are collected(sample day18).

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Project description:Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) are generated from somatic cells by the transgene expression of three transcription factors Oct3/4, Sox2, and Klf4 (OSK), albeit at a low efficiency. The protooncogene c-Myc enhances the efficiency of iPSC generation by OSK, but it also increases the tumorigenicity of the resulting iPSC. In the current study, we found the Gli-like transcription factor Glis1, when expressed together with OSK, to markedly enhance the generation of iPSC from both mouse and human fibroblasts. Mouse iPSC generated by OSK and Glis1 can form germline-competent chimeras. Glis1 is enriched in unfertilized oocytes and one cell-stage embryos. DNA microarray analyses revealed that Glis1 promotes multiple pro-reprogramming pathways, including Myc, Nanog, Lin28, Wnt, mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), and Esrrb. These results therefore demonstrated that oocyte transcription factor Glis1 effectively promote direct reprogramming during iPSC generation. Adult human fibroblasts were transduced with OSKM and OSK+Glis1 and were used for microarray analyses.

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