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Virus Mimicry in the Tumor Microenvironment Activates RIG-I Through Unshielding of Endogenous RNA in Exosomes [exoRNA-Seq]

ABSTRACT: The goal of this study is to investigate if endogenous RNA in exosomes activates RIG-I through unshielding.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE93070 | GEO | 2017/07/01

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA359787

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The RIG-I like receptor pathway is stimulated during RNA virus infection by interaction between cytosolic RIG-I and viral RNA structures that contain short hairpin dsRNA and 5M-bM-^@M-^Y triphosphate (5M-bM-^@M-^Yppp) terminal structure. In the present study, an RNA agonist of RIG-I was synthesized in vitro and shown to stimulate RIG-I-dependent antiviral responses at concentrations in the picomolar range. In human lung epithelial A549 cells, 5M-bM-^@M-^YpppRNA specifically stimulated multiple parameters of the innate antiviral response, including IRF3, IRF7 and STAT1 activation, andinduction of inflammatory and interferon stimulated genes - hallmarks of a fully functional antiviral response. Evaluation of the magnitude and duration of gene expression by transcriptional profiling identified a robust, sustained and diversified antiviral and inflammatory response characterized by enhanced pathogen recognition and interferon (IFN)signaling. Bioinformatics analysis further identified a transcriptional signature uniquely induced by 5M-bM-^@M-^YpppRNA, and not by IFNM-NM-1-2bthat included a constellation of IRF7 and NF-kB target genes capable of mobilizing multiple arms of the innate and adaptive immune response. Treatment of primary PBMCs or lung epithelial A549 cells with 5M-bM-^@M-^YpppRNA provided significant protection against a spectrum of RNA and DNA viruses. In C57Bl/6 mice, intravenous administration of 5M-bM-^@M-^YpppRNA protected animals from a lethal challenge with H1N1 Influenza, reduced virus titers in mouse lungs and protected animals from virus-induced pneumonia. Strikingly, the RIG-I-specific transcriptional response afforded partial protection from influenza challenge, even in the absence of type I interferon signaling. This systems approach providestranscriptional, biochemical, and in vivo analysis of the antiviral efficacy of 5M-bM-^@M-^YpppRNA and highlights the therapeutic potential associated with the use of RIG-I agonists as broad spectrum antiviral agents. Kinetic analysis of A549 cells treated with 5'pppRNA and analyzed at 1h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h or 48h.

Project description:The RIG-I like receptor pathway is stimulated during RNA virus infection by interaction between cytosolic RIG-I and viral RNA structures that contain short hairpin dsRNA and 5M-bM-^@M-^Y triphosphate (5M-bM-^@M-^Yppp) terminal structure. In the present study, an RNA agonist of RIG-I was synthesized in vitro and shown to stimulate RIG-I-dependent antiviral responses at concentrations in the picomolar range. In human lung epithelial A549 cells, 5M-bM-^@M-^YpppRNA specifically stimulated multiple parameters of the innate antiviral response, including IRF3, IRF7 and STAT1 activation, andinduction of inflammatory and interferon stimulated genes - hallmarks of a fully functional antiviral response. Evaluation of the magnitude and duration of gene expression by transcriptional profiling identified a robust, sustained and diversified antiviral and inflammatory response characterized by enhanced pathogen recognition and interferon (IFN)signaling. Bioinformatics analysis further identified a transcriptional signature uniquely induced by 5M-bM-^@M-^YpppRNA, and not by IFNM-NM-1-2bthat included a constellation of IRF7 and NF-kB target genes capable of mobilizing multiple arms of the innate and adaptive immune response. Treatment of primary PBMCs or lung epithelial A549 cells with 5M-bM-^@M-^YpppRNA provided significant protection against a spectrum of RNA and DNA viruses. In C57Bl/6 mice, intravenous administration of 5M-bM-^@M-^YpppRNA protected animals from a lethal challenge with H1N1 Influenza, reduced virus titers in mouse lungs and protected animals from virus-induced pneumonia. Strikingly, the RIG-I-specific transcriptional response afforded partial protection from influenza challenge, even in the absence of type I interferon signaling. This systems approach providestranscriptional, biochemical, and in vivo analysis of the antiviral efficacy of 5M-bM-^@M-^YpppRNA and highlights the therapeutic potential associated with the use of RIG-I agonists as broad spectrum antiviral agents. A549 cells were either non-treated, treated with RNAiMax only, transfected with 5'pppRNA, or treated with IFNa-2b and analysed at 6h or 24h.

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Virus Mimicry in the Tumor Microenvironment Activates RIG-I Through Unshielding of Endogenous RNA in Exosomes [exoRNA-Seq]

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