ABSTRACT: The number and type of synthetic chemicals that are being produced worldwide continues to increase significantly. While these industrial chemicals provide numerous benefits, there is no doubt that some have potential to damage the environment and health. Toxicity must be evaluated and use must be carefully controlled and monitored in order to minimize potential damage. DNA microarray technology has become an important new technique in toxicology. We are using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism for toxicological study because it is a simple, fast-growing eukaryote that has been thoroughly characterized. In order to evaluate toxicity by newly synthesized or mixture chemicals, toxicity-induced gene expression alteration profiles by known chemicals should be collected. In our study, cells need to be exposed with same experimental cellular condition, semi lethal (IC50), respectively. In the case of TPN (chlorothalonil) (CAS; 1897-45-6), the exposure dose was decided as 10 uM by growth curve with continuously diluted exposure. TPN is a pesticide (fungicides) that is recognized as a carcinogen and suspected to be immunotoxicant, neurotoxicant , respiratory toxicant and skin or sense organ toxicant. Keywords: stress response
Project description:The number and type of synthetic chemicals that are being produced worldwide continues to increase significantly. While these industrial chemicals provide numerous benefits, there is no doubt that some have potential to damage the environment and health. Toxicity must be evaluated and use must be carefully controlled and monitored in order to minimize potential damage. DNA microarray technology has become an important new technique in toxicology. We are using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism for toxicological study because it is a simple, fast-growing eukaryote that has been thoroughly characterized. In order to evaluate toxicity by newly synthesized or mixture chemicals, toxicity-induced gene expression alteration profiles by known chemicals should be collected. In our study, cells need to be exposed with same experimental cellular condition, semi lethal (IC50), respectively. In the case of thiuram (CAS; 137-26-8), the exposure dose was decided as 75 uM by growth curve with continuously diluted exposure. Thiuram is a pesticide (fungicides) that is suspected to be cardiovascular or blood toxicant, developmental toxicant, endocrine toxicant, gastrointestinal or liver toxicant, immunotoxicant, neurotoxicant, respiratory toxicant and skin or sense organ toxicant. Keywords: stress response
Project description:The number and type of synthetic chemicals that are being produced worldwide continues to increase significantly. While these industrial chemicals provide numerous benefits, there is no doubt that some have potential to damage the environment and health. Toxicity must be evaluated and use must be carefully controlled and monitored in order to minimize potential damage. DNA microarray technology has become an important new technique in toxicology. We are using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism for toxicological study because it is a simple, fast-growing eukaryote that has been thoroughly characterized. In order to evaluate toxicity by newly synthesized or mixture chemicals, toxicity-induced gene expression alteration profiles by known chemicals should be collected. In our study, cells need to be exposed with same experimental cellular condition, semi lethal (IC50), respectively. In the case of maneb (CAS; 12427-38-2), the exposure dose was decided as 2 ppm by growth curve with continuously diluted exposure. Maneb is a pesticide (fungicides) that is recognized as a carcinogen and suspected to be developmental toxicant, endocrine toxicant, gastrointestinal or liver toxicant, immunotoxicant, neurotoxicant, reproductive toxicant and skin or sense organ toxicant. Keywords: stress response
Project description:The number and type of synthetic chemicals that are being produced worldwide continues to increase significantly. While these industrial chemicals provide numerous benefits, there is no doubt that some have potential to damage the environment and health. Toxicity must be evaluated and use must be carefully controlled and monitored in order to minimize potential damage. DNA microarray technology has become an important new technique in toxicology. We are using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism for toxicological study because it is a simple, fast-growing eukaryote that has been thoroughly characterized. In order to evaluate toxicity by newly synthesized or mixture chemicals, toxicity-induced gene expression alteration profiles by known chemicals should be collected. In our study, cells need to be exposed with same experimental cellular condition, semi lethal (IC50), respectively. In the case of pentachlorophenol (CAS; 87-86-5), the exposure dose was decided as 50 uM by growth curve with continuously diluted exposure. Pentachlorophenol is a pesticide (fungicides) that is recognized as a carcinogen and suspected to be cardiovascular or blood toxicant, developmental toxicant, endocrine toxicant, gastrointestinal or liver toxicant, immunotoxicant, kidney toxicant, neurotoxicant, reproductive toxicant, respiratory toxicant and skin or sense organ toxicant. Keywords: stress response
Project description:The number and type of synthetic chemicals that are being produced worldwide continues to increase significantly. While these industrial chemicals provide numerous benefits, there is no doubt that some have potential to damage the environment and health. Toxicity must be evaluated and use must be carefully controlled and monitored in order to minimize potential damage. DNA microarray technology has become an important new technique in toxicology. We are using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism for toxicological study because it is a simple, fast-growing eukaryote that has been thoroughly characterized. In order to evaluate toxicity by newly synthesized or mixture chemicals, toxicity-induced gene expression alteration profiles by known chemicals should be collected. In our study, cells need to be exposed with same experimental cellular condition, semi lethal (IC50), respectively. In the case of zineb (CAS; 12122-67-7), the exposure dose was decided as 2 ppm by growth curve with continuously diluted exposure. Zineb is a pesticide (fungicides) that is suspected to be endocrine toxicant, gastrointestinal or liver toxicant, immunotoxicant, neurotoxicant, reproductive toxicant and skin or sense organ toxicant. Keywords: stress response
Project description:The number and type of synthetic chemicals that are being produced worldwide continues to increase significantly. While these industrial chemicals provide numerous benefits, there is no doubt that some have potential to damage the environment and health. Toxicity must be evaluated and use must be carefully controlled and monitored in order to minimize potential damage. DNA microarray technology has become an important new technique in toxicology. We are using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism for toxicological study because it is a simple, fast-growing eukaryote that has been thoroughly characterized. In order to evaluate toxicity by newly synthesized or mixture chemicals, toxicity-induced gene expression alteration profiles by known chemicals should be collected. In our study, cells need to be exposed with same experimental cellular condition, semi lethal (IC50), respectively. In the case of lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane) (CAS; 58-89-9), the exposure dose was decided as 2 ppm by growth curve with continuously diluted exposure. Lindane is a organochlorine pesticides that is recognized as a carcinogen and suspected to be cardiovascular or blood toxicant, developmental toxicant, endocrine toxicant, gastrointestinal or liver toxicant, immunotoxicant, kidney toxicant, neurotoxicant, reproductive toxicant, respiratory toxicant and skin or sense organ toxicant. Keywords: stress response
Project description:The number and type of synthetic chemicals that are being produced worldwide continues to increase significantly. While these industrial chemicals provide numerous benefits, there is no doubt that some have potential to damage the environment and health. Toxicity must be evaluated and use must be carefully controlled and monitored in order to minimize potential damage. DNA microarray technology has become an important new technique in toxicology. We are using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism for toxicological study because it is a simple, fast-growing eukaryote that has been thoroughly characterized. To obtain varied toxicity-induced gene expression alteration profiles, we examined many kinds of chemicals and compared the gene expression profiles as chemical toxicity each other. Consequently, cells need to be exposed with same experimental cellular condition, semi lethal (IC50), respectively. In the case of formaldehyde (CAS; 50-00-0), the exposure dose was decided as 1.8 mM by growth curve with continuously diluted exposure. Formaldehyde is one of the aldehydes. This substrate is recognized as a carcinogen and suspected to be gastrointestinal or liver toxicant, immunotoxicant, neurotoxicant, reproductive toxicant, respiratory toxicant, skin or sense organ toxicant. Keywords: stress response
Project description:The number and type of synthetic chemicals that are being produced worldwide continues to increase significantly. While these industrial chemicals provide numerous benefits, there is no doubt that some have potential to damage the environment and health. Toxicity must be evaluated and use must be carefully controlled and monitored in order to minimize potential damage. DNA microarray technology has become an important new technique in toxicology. We are using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism for toxicological study because it is a simple, fast-growing eukaryote that has been thoroughly characterized. In order to evaluate toxicity by newly synthesized or mixture chemicals, toxicity-induced gene expression alteration profiles by known chemicals should be collected. In our study, cells need to be exposed with same experimental cellular condition, semi lethal (IC50), respectively. In the case of fluazinam (CAS; 79622-59-6), the exposure dose was decided as 1.5 uM by growth curve with continuously diluted exposure. Fluazinam is a pesticide (fungicides) that is suspected to be immunotoxicant and skin or sense organ toxicant. Keywords: stress response
Project description:The number and type of synthetic chemicals that are being produced worldwide continues to increase significantly. While these industrial chemicals provide numerous benefits, there is no doubt that some have potential to damage the environment and health. Toxicity must be evaluated and use must be carefully controlled and monitored in order to minimize potential damage. DNA microarray technology has become an important new technique in toxicology. We are using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism for toxicological study because it is a simple, fast-growing eukaryote that has been thoroughly characterized. In order to evaluate toxicity by newly synthesized or mixture chemicals, toxicity-induced gene expression alteration profiles by known chemicals should be collected. In our study, cells need to be exposed with same experimental cellular condition, semi lethal (IC50), respectively. In the case of paraquat (CAS; 1910-42-5), IC 50 was decided as 1250 ppm by growth curve with continuously diluted exposure, however, we had chosen 35 ppm for this experimental series because the reaction with low dose should be explored. Paraquat is used as a quaternary ammonium herbicide, and suspected to be a carcinogen, cardiovascular or blood toxicant, gastrointestinal or liver toxicant, kidney toxicant, neurotoxicant, reproductive toxicant, respiratory toxicant, skin or sense organ toxicant. Keywords: stress response
Project description:The number and type of synthetic chemicals that are being produced worldwide continues to increase significantly. While these industrial chemicals provide numerous benefits, there is no doubt that some have potential to damage the environment and health. Toxicity must be evaluated and use must be carefully controlled and monitored in order to minimize potential damage. DNA microarray technology has become an important new technique in toxicology. We are using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism for toxicological study because it is a simple, fast-growing eukaryote that has been thoroughly characterized. In order to evaluate toxicity by newly synthesized or mixture chemicals, toxicity-induced gene expression alteration profiles by known chemicals should be collected. In our study, cells need to be exposed with same experimental cellular condition, semi lethal (IC50), respectively. In the case of tetrachloroethylene (CAS; 127-18-4), the exposure dose was decided as 3.3 mM by growth curve with continuously diluted exposure. Tetrachloroethylene is a manufactured chemical compound that is widely used for the dry cleaning of fabrics and for metal-degreasing. This substrate is recognized as a carcinogen and suspected to be developmental toxicant, gastrointestinal or liver toxicant, kidney toxicant, neurotoxicant, reproductive toxicant, respiratory toxicant and skin or sense organ toxicant. Keywords: stress response
Project description:The number and type of synthetic chemicals that are being produced worldwide continues to increase significantly. While these industrial chemicals provide numerous benefits, there is no doubt that some have potential to damage the environment and health. Toxicity must be evaluated and use must be carefully controlled and monitored in order to minimize potential damage. DNA microarray technology has become an important new technique in toxicology. We are using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism for toxicological study because it is a simple, fast-growing eukaryote that has been thoroughly characterized. In order to evaluate toxicity by newly synthesized or mixture chemicals, toxicity-induced gene expression alteration profiles by known chemicals should be collected. In our study, cells need to be exposed with same experimental cellular condition, semi lethal (IC50), respectively. In the case of p-nitrophenol (CAS; 100-02-7), the exposure dose was decided as 1.5 mM by growth curve with continuously diluted exposure. p-Nitrophenol is one of the nitrogen compounds, and 4-nitrophenol is reported to be more toxic than 2-. This substrate is reported to cause methemoglobinemia and suspected to be cardiovascular or blood toxicant, neurotoxicant, skin or sense organ toxicant. Keywords: stress response