HIV-1 selectively targets gut-homing CCR6+CD4+ T-cells via mTOR-dependent mechanisms.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE93660 | GEO | 2017/08/18
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA361488
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:We previously reported that CCR4+CCR6+Th17 cells are permissive to HIV, while CXCR3+CCR6- Th1 cells are relatively resistant. To identify molecular mechanisms underlying these differences, we performed a genome-wide transcriptional profiling in CXCR3+CCR6-Th1, CCR4+CCR6-Th2, CCR4+CCR6+Th17, and CXCR3+CCR6+Th1Th17 upon TCR triggering. Transcriptional differences between Th17 and Th1 were the most remarkable. HIV-DNA integration was highly efficient in Th17 versus Th1 upon exposure to both wild-type and VSV-G-pseudotyped HIV, indicative that post-entry mechanisms contribute to HIV permissiveness. 4 cell populations from up to 5 donors for a total of 19 samples.
2015-08-30 | E-GEOD-70396 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:We previously reported that CCR4+CCR6+Th17 cells are permissive to HIV, while CXCR3+CCR6- Th1 cells are relatively resistant. To identify molecular mechanisms underlying these differences, we performed a genome-wide transcriptional profiling in CXCR3+CCR6-Th1, CCR4+CCR6-Th2, CCR4+CCR6+Th17, and CXCR3+CCR6+Th1Th17 upon TCR triggering. Transcriptional differences between Th17 and Th1 were the most remarkable. HIV-DNA integration was highly efficient in Th17 versus Th1 upon exposure to both wild-type and VSV-G-pseudotyped HIV, indicative that post-entry mechanisms contribute to HIV permissiveness.
2015-08-30 | GSE70396 | GEO
Project description:The intestinal environment facilitates HIV-1 infection via mechanisms involving the gut-homing vitamin A-derived retinoic acid (RA), which transcriptionally reprograms CD4+ T cells for increased HIV-1 replication/outgrowth. Consistently, colon-infiltrating CD4+ T cells carry replication-competent viral reservoirs in people with HIV-1 (PWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Intriguingly, integrative infection in colon macrophages, a pool replenished by monocytes, represents a rare event in ART-treated PWH, thus questioning the effect of RA on macrophages. Here, we demonstrate that RA enhances R5 but not X4 HIV-1 replication in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). RNA sequencing, gene set variation analysis, and HIV interactor NCBI database interrogation reveal RA-mediated transcriptional reprogramming associated with metabolic/inflammatory processes and HIV-1 resistance/dependency factors. Functional validations uncover post-entry mechanisms of RA action including SAMHD1-modulated reverse transcription and CDK9/RNA polymerase II (RNAPII)-dependent transcription under the control of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). These results support a model in which macrophages residing in the intestine of ART-untreated PWH contribute to viral replication/dissemination in an mTOR-sensitive manner.
2023-12-31 | GSE226653 | GEO
Project description:Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has the potency of suppressing systemic viral replication and spread. Still, persistent human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV) survive for decades during treatment in latently infected cells, making up the latent viral reservoir. This reservoir is believed to reside in subtypes of memory T cells and cell from monocytic lineages, but some functional and naïve T cells have also shown to carry latent HIV. Eradication of latently infected cells, in terms of a sterilizing cure, have proven to be a hurdle since there is a heterogeneity in mechanisms governing latency and integration site into the genome. Over the course of suppressive therapy, persisting HIV, sustained by low levels of viral replication, homeostatic proliferation, and cell to cell transmission, is a driver of chronic immune activation in the body. For the immune system to elicit an appropriate inflammatory response it is dependent on secretion of inflammatory molecules, such as chemokines and cytokines. Most chemokines are pro-inflammatory factors that facilitate leukocyte recruitment to site of inflammation where they can exert their regulatory role in response to pathological and physiological stressors e.g., infection, inflammation, and tissue damage. Alterations in chemokine receptor expression and chemokine levels modulates the activity of the immune response and in HIV infection contribute to chronic inflammation and mortality. Therefore, people living with HIV on suppressive therapy (PLWH) are at higher risk of age associated co-morbidities due to elevated immune activation and chronic inflammation induced by ART toxicities, microbiome dysbiosis leading to microbial translocation and dysregulated immune cell activation and function. As a result, the causative HIV pathogenesis and immune dysfunction further chronic immune activation. This result in a vicious cycle as immune activation is driver of HIV disease progression and inflammaeging leading to earlier onset of age-related diseases. An alternative approach in cure strategies is a functional cure for HIV aiming at suppressing viral replication without ART. A model for functional cure studies are elite controllers (EC). EC constitute a small fraction of HIV+ individuals (<0.5%) exhibiting the unique characteristic of natural control of viral replication in absence of ART. However, there is a population-based heterogeneity of how these individuals naturally supress viral replication. This heterogeneity is caused by viral genetic factors, variability of integration site in the human genome, together with host response against the pathogen and immunological factors. In terms of immune cell activation, studies have shown how EC maintain lower levels of inflammatory markers compared to PLWH. Contradictory, some studies have shown elevated inflammatory markers in EC which could be attributed to the heterogeneity of the EC group or as others have shown it is a consequence of loss of spontaneous control of HIV. Therefore, as no consensus exist further studies comparing variability of immune function between EC and ART can aid in understanding the mechanisms of natural control of HIV. In our recent study (Sperk et al 2021, iScience) we hypothesised that modulated CCR6/CCL20 chemokine axis and CCR2-CCL7-CCL2 signalling can play a protective role in the EC phenotype. Downregulation of CCR2 and CCR6 receptors in lymphocytes and higher plasma abundance of CCL4, CCL7 and CCL20 in EC compared to the HIV-negative controls can provide natural resistance to HIV-infection. In the present study, we further extended our analysis to evaluate the expression profile dynamics of key chemokine receptors, CCR2, CCR3, CCR5 and CCR6, in successfully treated PLWH. We compared well treated PLWH with HIV-1 elite controllers and its association with HIV-1 persistence. Furthermore, cell populations of interest were isolated for liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) based untargeted proteomics analysis to evaluate specific characteristics regulating these cell populations and their role in HIV persistence. Our study provides important understanding of the chemokine receptor dynamics and its role in HIV persistence that differentiate elite controllers from long term treated PLWH.
2022-04-22 | PXD027749 | Pride
Project description:Molecular mechanisms of HIV-1 permissiveness in CCR4+CCR6+ Th17 cells
| PRJNA288527 | ENA
Project description:Gut-associated lymphoid tissues are enriched in CCR6+ Th17-polarized CD4+ T cells that contribute to HIV-1 persistence during antiretroviral therapy (ART). This raises the need for Th17-targeted immunotherapies. In an effort to identify mechanisms governing HIV-1 permissiveness/persistence in gut-homing Th17 cells, we analyzed the transcriptome of CCR6+ versus CCR6- T cells exposed to the gut-homing inducer retinoic acid (RA) and performed functional validations in colon biopsies of HIV-infected individuals receiving ART (HIV+ART). Although both CCR6+ and CCR6- T cells acquired gut-homing markers upon RA exposure, the modulation of unique sets of genes coincided with preferential HIV-1 replication in RA-treated CCR6+ T cells. This molecular signature included the upregulation of HIV-dependency factors acting at entry/postentry levels, such as the CCR5 and PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 signaling pathways. Of note, mTOR expression/phosphorylation was distinctively induced by RA in CCR6+ T cells. Consistently, mTOR inhibitors counteracted the effect of RA on HIV replication in vitro and viral reactivation in CD4+ T cells from HIV+ART individuals via postentry mechanisms independent of CCR5. Finally, CCR6+ versus CCR6- T cells infiltrating the colons of HIV+ART individuals expressed unique molecular signatures, including higher levels of CCR5, integrin ?7, and mTOR phosphorylation. Together, our results identify mTOR as a druggable key regulator of HIV permissiveness in gut-homing CCR6+ T cells.
| S-EPMC5543920 | biostudies-literature
Project description:HIV-1 selectively targets gut-homing CCR6+CD4+ T-cells via mTOR-dependent mechanisms.
| PRJNA361488 | ENA
Project description:In addition to HIV-permissiveness factors, Th17-cells express PPARγ, a transcriptional repressor of specific genes including RORγt and HIV. Here, we investigated the effect of PPARγ pharmacological inhibition on HIV replication and Th17 functions. As predicted, T-cell receptor triggering in the presence of the PPARG antagonist T0070907 increased IL-17A production and cell-associated HIV-RNA levels in T-cells of HIV-infected ART-treated individuals. Unexpectedly, T0070907 inhibited HIV-RNA release/viral outgrowth ex vivo and transmitted/founder HIV replication in vitro. Whole genome RNA-sequencing revealed multiple genes/pathways modulated by T0070907, including those involved in HIV-permissiveness (e.g., CCR5, furin) versus HIV-restriction (e.g., TRIM22, BST2, miR29), as well as Th17-effector functions (e.g., RORγt, STAT3, BCL6, IL-17A/F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-26). Of note, T0070907 boosted IL-21, a cytokine exhibiting immune-regulatory and miR-29-mediated antiviral properties. miR-29 antagomir failed to restore HIV replication in T0070907-treated T-cells, indicative of a pleiotropic antiviral program triggered by PPARG antagonism.
2020-03-31 | GSE128121 | GEO
Project description:The orphan chemoattractant receptor GPR15 is important for homing T lymphocytes to the large intestine, thereby maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of GPR15 expression remain elusive. Here we show a central role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) in promoting GPR15 expression both in mice and human, thus gut homing of T lymphocytes. Mechanistically, Ahr directly binds to open chromatin regions of the Gpr15 locus to enhance its expression. Ahr transcriptional activity in directing GPR15 expression was modulated by two transcription factors, Foxp3 and RORγt, both of which are expressed preferentially by gut Tregs in vivo. Specifically, Foxp3 interacted with Ahr and enhanced Ahr DNA binding at the Gpr15 locus, thereby promoting GPR15 expression. In contrast, RORγt plays an inhibitory role at least in part by competing with Ahr binding to the Gpr15 locus. Our findings thus demonstrate a key role for Ahr in regulating Treg intestinal homing under the steady state and during inflammation, and the importance of Ahr-RORγt-Foxp3 axis in regulating gut homing receptor GPR15 expression by lymphocytes.
2020-07-29 | GSE137171 | GEO
Project description:To detect the miRNA expression profile in CCR6+ regulatory T cells In this study, the total RNA was extracted from CCR6+ regulatory T cells and CCR6- regulatory T cells. Then, the expression profile of miRNA on these cells was detected by microarray.
2014-08-05 | E-GEOD-60041 | biostudies-arrayexpress