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Genome wide gene expression analysis of differential fetal cotyledons

ABSTRACT: In an attempt to unveil the molecular mechanisms of fetal-maternal interactions during early pregnancy, we have performed the pregnancy induced gene expression analysis in the gravid uteri of fetal cotyledons using the Affymetrix GeneChip Genome Array. In this study, we have performed the microarray analysis of the RNA isolated from fetal cotyledon tissue of Bubalus bubalis on less than 45 day of pregnancy. We have identified total of 8587 differentially expressed genes with significance p ≤ 0.05 in four biological replicates. Bioinformatics analysis of microarray data reveal the cluster of genes involved at the placentome level for various functions such as fetus attachment, transport of nutrition, and immune response. Interestingly, we have identified multiple isoforms of pregnancy associated glycoproteins (PAGs) which were highly up regulated with average fold change of 472.93 in pregnant buffaloes. It was observed the genes responsible for increased immune response were down regulated, suggesting an immune suppressive environment which is required to adapt the semiallogenic fetus for successful pregnancy. We have identified the genes and pathways involved during embryo development and the cluster of genes involved in fetal-maternal interaction, attachment, nourishment of fetus, and immune response. The present study will provide future directions for developing pregnancy diagnosis kit in livestock which is highly necessary for increasing the reproductive efficiency of buffaloes.

ORGANISM(S): Bos taurus

PROVIDER: GSE93874 | GEO | 2017/12/30

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA362632

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Activation of the maternal immune system during pregnancy can fetal development, which can lead to postnatal susceptibility to a wide range of diseases, including cardiovascular, metabolic and psychiatric disorders. During maternal immune activation (MIA), the maternal body must balance its ressources between mounting an immune response and investing resources into continued metabolism and growth : both essential for survival of the fetus and a successful pregnancy. How the placenta responds to MIA over time and how it can protect the fetus is not well understood, and neither are the fetal consequences of MIA. Here, we characterised the response to an induced acute inflammation in maternal lungs over time across maternal and fetal organs, using a combination of omics-methods, imaging and integrative computational analysis. We found that the placenta, unlike other maternal organs, did not react by inducing a typical inflammatory response, but instead initially induced genes associated to strengthen tissue integrity and simultaneously reduced growth to prevent exposure to potential infections. Afterwards, a return to homeostasis was observed, with heightened biosynthesis and expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress genes. This mechanism likely protects the fetus from inflammation, as we observed no immune response in the fetal liver transcriptome. Instead, we observed metabolic adaptations in the fetus, including a release of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) Notably, DHA has a crucial function for fetal brain development , and levels of triglyceride and phosphatidylcholine lipids that are necessary for transportation of DHA to the brain were also increased. This metabolic response is likely a combination of the placental MIA response and temporary maternal fasting, caused by MIA-induced fever and lack of nutrient intake. Our study shows, for the first time, the temporal and systemic response to MIA in lungs across maternal and fetal organs.

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Genome wide gene expression analysis of differential fetal cotyledons

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