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Host-parasite transcriptomics during immunostimulant enhanced rejection of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis by Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

ABSTRACT: We investigate the effect of a functional feed for immunostimulation (peptidoglycan extract from bacterial cell wall with nucleotide formulation) on L. salmonis infection levels on Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, and on host and parasite gene expression profiles. Atlantic salmon smolts (~95 g) were fed a control diet, or a low or high dose immunostimulant diet, and then exposed to L. salmonis copepodids in three subsequent exposures. The transcriptome of salmon lice late in the infection attached to either the low dose diet or control diet hosts were compared using a 38K oligonucleotide microarray.

ORGANISM(S): Lepeophtheirus salmonis

PROVIDER: GSE93998 | GEO | 2017/02/26

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA363024

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Sex-Biased Gene Expression and Sequence Conservation in Pacific and Atlantic Salmon Lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis)

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Project description:BACKGROUND: The use of phytochemicals is a promising solution in biological control against salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis). Glucosinolates (Gls) belong to a diverse group of compounds used as protection against herbivores by plants in the Brassicaceae family, while in vertebrates, ingested glucosinolates exert health-promoting effects due to their antioxidant and detoxifying properties as well as effects on cell proliferation and growth. The aim of this study was to investigate if Atlantic salmon fed two different doses of glucosinolate-enriched feeds would be protected against lice infection. The effects of feeding high dose of glucosinolates before the infection, and of high and low doses 5 weeks into the infection were studied. METHODS: Skin was screened by 15k oligonucleotide microarray and qPCR. RESULTS: 25% reduction (p < 0.05) in lice counts was obtained in the low dose group and 17% reduction in the high dose group compared to fish fed control feed. Microarray analysis revealed induction of over 50 interferon (IFN)-related genes prior to lice infection. Genes upregulated 5 weeks into the infection in glucosinolate-enriched dietary groups included Type 1 pro-inflammatory factors, antimicrobial and acute phase proteins, extracellular matrix remodeling proteases and iron homeostasis regulators. In contrast, genes involved in muscle contraction, lipid and glucose metabolism were found more highly expressed in the skin of infected control fish. CONCLUSIONS: Atlantic salmon fed glucosinolates had a significantly lower number of sea lice at the end of the experimental challenge. Feeding glucosinolates coincided with increased expression of IFN-related genes, and higher expression profiles of Type 1 immune genes late into the infection. In addition, regulation of genes involved in the metabolism of iron, lipid and sugar suggested an interplay between metabolism of nutrients and mechanisms of resistance.

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