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Plant development on ISS differes from the development on the ground and is influenced by the genetic background.

ABSTRACT: The development of Col-0 and WS plants on orbit differs from that on the ground as demonstrated by the comparison of the gene expression profiles between 4 days old to 8 days old plant in the two environments. The Col-0 plants used different genes reflecting different physiological processes than WS plants, suggesting the role of the genetic background in the developmental decisions. The 4 days old Col-0 plant in orbit showed deficit in wax and suberin production relatively to the 8 days old plants, the difference unregistered on the ground. There was more dramatic difference in the overexpression of the root system development and anatomical structure development genes in 8 days old plants than in 4 days old plant in both genotypes on the ground than in flight, implying smaller root developmental gap between 4 days and 8 days old roots in orbit. The WS plant uniquely showed overexpression of the photosynthesis related genes in the 4 days old roots relative to 8 days old root in the spaceflight environment but not on the ground. The seeds germinated in the novel growth environment of ISS implemented different developmental strategies as captured by the genes expression patterns, than seeds developing on the ground.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE95373 | GEO | 2018/02/24

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the role of H3K9 methylation in the development of syncytia induced by the beet cyst nematode (BCN, Heterodera schachtii). For this, differential gene expression analysis was performed in root tissues of Col-0 wild-type and suvh5 and suvh6 single mutants under BCN-infected and noninfected conditions. Methods: Col-0 wild-type and suvh5 and suvh6 mutant plants were grown and 10-day-old plants were inoculated with 100 second-stage juvenile (J2) H. schachtii at 10 days old. Five days post inoculation, root tissues were collected from infected and noninfected plants in triplicate. Total RNA was extracted, mRNA libraries were prepared, and then high throughput RNA sequencing was performed using the Illumina NovoSeq 6000. High quality, paired-end reads were then aligned to the Arabidopsis thaliana reference genome (TAIR10.28) using STAR and uniquely mapped reads were counted using HTSeq. Finally, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the mutant lines and wild-type plants under non-infected and infected conditions were identified using DESeq package. Results and conclusions: At least 20 million reads were uniquely mapped to the Arabidopsis reference genome with an average length of about 300 bp for paired-end reads. A total of 1057 and 3390 DEGs were identified for suvh5 and suvh6 versus Col-0, respectively, under noninfected conditions. Upon infection of BCN, Col-0 had 4566 DEGs compared to the noninfected wild type. BCN-infected single mutants suvh5 and suvh6 had 2487 and 846 DEGs compared to BCN-infected Col-0, respectively. Of these DEGs, 1277 and 592 or about 51% and 70% are also differentially expressed in BCN-infected Col compared to noninfected Col-0, respectively, and 324 of the 1277 and 592 DEGs are common to BCN-infected suvh5 and suvh6 compared to the control. DEGs common to BCN-infected Col-0 and/or suvh5, and suvh6 are involved in stress and defense responses, primary and secondary metabolism, signal transduction, cell wall organization and other cellular processes. This suggests that SUVH5 and SUVH6 play a major role in transcriptome reprogramming to facilitate cellular, molecular, and metabolic processes involved in the compatible plant-nematode interaction.

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Plant development on ISS differes from the development on the ground and is influenced by the genetic background.

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