Genomic profile of maize response to A. flavus infection identifies genes associated with biotic and abiotic resistance
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Zea mays
PROVIDER: GSE9546 | GEO | 2007/11/09
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA103361
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:Maize kernels are susceptible to infection by the opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus flavus. Infection results in reduction of grain quality and contamination of kernels with the highly carcinogenic mycotoxin, aflatoxin. To understand host response to infection by the fungus, transcription of approximately 9,000 maize genes were monitored during the host-pathogen interaction with a custom-designed Affymetrix GeneChip® DNA array. More than 1,000 maize genes were found differentially expressed at a fold change of 2 or greater. This included the up regulation of defense-related genes and signaling pathways. Transcriptional changes also were observed in primary metabolism genes. Starch biosynthetic genes were down regulated during infection, while genes encoding maize hydrolytic enzymes, presumably involved in the degradation of host reserves, were up regulated. These data indicate that infection of the maize kernel A. flavus induced metabolic changes in the kernel, including the production of a defense response, as well as a disruption in kernel development. Maize kernels were mock inoculated at the blister (R2) or dough (R4) stage or inoculated with A. flavus at the blister (R2), milk (R3), dough (R4), or dent (R5) stage, and harvested 4 days later. Each treatment consisted of three biological replications. For each biological replication, 8 kernels were ground and RNA was isolated and further processed.
2014-05-14 | E-GEOD-57629 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Aflatoxin contamination caused by the opportunistic pathogen A. flavus is a major concern in maize production prior to harvest and during storage. Previous studies indicate that both constitutive and induced resistance are involved in maize kernel defense against A. flavus infection, little is known about molecular mechanisms of mature kernels in response to fungal infection. The purpose of this study is to determine gene expression differences in maize kernels between resistant and susceptible lines in response to A. flavus challenge. To avoid the environmental effects in the field inoculation, a laboratory based inoculation technique Kernel Screening Assay (KSA) was used to challenge kernels with A. flavus. After 72 hours incubation of inoculated and noninculated mature kernels, gene expression profiles of two Near Isogenic Lines (NIL) of Eyl25 (A. flavus resistant) and Eyl31 (A. flavus susceptible) were compared using oligonucleotide array. Direct comparisons were designed. The comparisons of NIL Eyl25 and Eyl31 include: Treated/Control, Control/Control and Treated/Treated. After 72 hours incubation under KSA conditions, forty seeds used in each A. flavus inoculated and noninculated group were bulked to extract total RNA. Four technical replications were performed in each comparison including two dye-swaps, total 16 hybridization reactions.
2010-10-01 | E-GEOD-19883 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Aflatoxin contamination caused by the opportunistic pathogen A. flavus is a major concern in maize production prior to harvest and during storage. Previous studies indicate that both constitutive and induced resistance are involved in maize kernel defense against A. flavus infection, little is known about molecular mechanisms of mature kernels in response to fungal infection. The purpose of this study is to determine gene expression differences in maize kernels between resistant and susceptible lines in response to A. flavus challenge. To avoid the environmental effects in the field inoculation, a laboratory based inoculation technique Kernel Screening Assay (KSA) was used to challenge kernels with A. flavus. After 72 hours incubation of inoculated and noninculated mature kernels, gene expression profiles of two Near Isogenic Lines (NIL) of Eyl25 (A. flavus resistant) and Eyl31 (A. flavus susceptible) were compared using oligonucleotide array.
2010-10-01 | GSE19883 | GEO
Project description:Maize kernels are susceptible to infection by the opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus flavus. Infection results in reduction of grain quality and contamination of kernels with the highly carcinogenic mycotoxin, aflatoxin. To understand host response to infection by the fungus, transcription of approximately 9,000 maize genes were monitored during the host-pathogen interaction with a custom-designed Affymetrix GeneChip® DNA array. More than 1,000 maize genes were found differentially expressed at a fold change of 2 or greater. This included the up regulation of defense-related genes and signaling pathways. Transcriptional changes also were observed in primary metabolism genes. Starch biosynthetic genes were down regulated during infection, while genes encoding maize hydrolytic enzymes, presumably involved in the degradation of host reserves, were up regulated. These data indicate that infection of the maize kernel A. flavus induced metabolic changes in the kernel, including the production of a defense response, as well as a disruption in kernel development.
2014-05-14 | GSE57629 | GEO
Project description:Maize kernel is an important source of food, feed and industrial raw materials. The illustration of the molecular mechanisms of maize kernel development will be helpful for the manipulation of maize improvements. Although a great many researches based on molecular biology and gecetics have greatly increased our understanding on the kernel development, many of the mechanisms controlling this important process remain elusive. In current study, a microarray with approximately 58,000 probes was used to study the dynamic gene expression during kernel development from the fertilization to physiological maturity. Samples from two consecutive time-points were paired and labeled using different fluorescent dyes (Cy3 and Cy5) and hybridized in the same array. Hybridization of slides was performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions (http://www.maizearray.org/). The hybridized slides were scanned by a Genepix 4000B (Axon, USA). A loop design was applied for running the microarray. Two replicates of each pair of samples were carried out to test both the reproducibility and quality of the chip hybridizations. By comparing six consecutive time-points, namely 1, 5, 10, 15, 25 and 35 days after pollination (DAP), 3,445 differentially expressed genes were identified. These genes were then grouped into 10 clusters showing specific expression patterns using a K-means clustering algorithm. An investigation of function and expression patterns of genes expanded our understanding of the regulation mechanism underlying the important developmental processes, cell division and kernel filling. The differential expression of genes involved in plant hormone signaling pathways suggested that phytohormone might play a critical role in the kernel developmental process. Moreover, regulation of some transcription factors and protein kinases might be involved in the whole developmental process. To obtain the global gene expression profile during maize kernel development, a microarray with approximately 58,000 probes was used. The maize inbred line X178 was planted on the field. Each plant was self-pollinated by hand. The ears were harvested from healthy plants at 1, 5, 10, 15, 25 and 35 days after pollination (DAP), respectively. In order to increase the consistency & uniformity of the isolated kernels, the upper half and about one sixth of ears from the bottom were cut and discarded, the kernels were isolated from the rest part of the ears. Samples at each time-point were collected from at least thirty ears and pooled to represent the line characteristics of X178. Two sub-samples for replication in the microarray analysis were randomly drawn. Samples from two consecutive time-points were paired and labeled using different fluorescent dyes (Cy3 and Cy5) and hybridized in the same array. A loop design was applied for running the microarray. Two replicates of each pair of samples were carried out to test both the reproducibility and quality of the chip hybridizations.
2008-04-09 | E-GEOD-9386 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Aflatoxin contamination occurring after infection by Aspergillus flavus is a major concern in maize production both pre- and post-harvest. A recent gene expression study of imbibed kernels highlighted induced resistance and gene regulation in kernels. In the present study, stored mRNA was profiled using oligo-nucleotide array. This comparison of stored mRNAs would enhance our understanding of the difference between resistant and susceptible lines at the kernel storage phase. To minimize the effect of different genetic backgrounds on the differential genes between resistant and susceptible lines, two closely related inbred lines were used. Of the two lines, Eyl25 is aflatoxin-resistant (R), and Eyl31 is –susceptible (S). These were derived from a cross between two resistant lines, 1368 and GT-MASK:gk, in the IITA and USDA- ARS collaborative breeding project.
2012-07-30 | GSE34434 | GEO
Project description:Two maize inbred lines, DAN3130 and JI63, with different patterns of folate accumulation and different total folate contents in mature kernels were used to investigate the transcriptional regulation of folate metabolism during late stages of kernel formation by comparative transcriptome analysis; The fresh kernel samples of each inbred line were collected on DAP 24, DAP 35 days, respectively. Mature kernel samples were harvested after all the plants turned yellow. Three biological replicates of each sample were collected, and total RNA with high quality was pooled and sent for sequencing. Total RNA of high quality was pooled for transcriptome analysis, and raw RNA-seq data of DAP 24, DAP35 and mature kernels for both two inbred lines were obtained. The folate accumulation during DAP 24 to mature kernels could be controlled by circumjacent pathways of folate biosynthesis, such as pyruvate metabolism, glutamate metabolism and serine/glycine metabolism. In addition, the folate variation between these two inbred lines was related to those genes among folate metabolism, such as genes in the pteridine branch, ρ-ABA branch, serine/THF/5-M-THF cycle and the conversion of tetrahydrofolate monoglutamate to tetrahydrofolate polyglutamate; The findings provided insight into folate accumulation mechanisms during maize kernel formation to promote folate biofortification.
2022-04-19 | GSE195815 | GEO
Project description:Aflatoxin contamination occurring after infection by Aspergillus flavus is a major concern in maize production both pre- and post-harvest. A recent gene expression study of imbibed kernels highlighted induced resistance and gene regulation in kernels. In the present study, stored mRNA was profiled using oligo-nucleotide array. This comparison of stored mRNAs would enhance our understanding of the difference between resistant and susceptible lines at the kernel storage phase. To minimize the effect of different genetic backgrounds on the differential genes between resistant and susceptible lines, two closely related inbred lines were used. Of the two lines, Eyl25 is aflatoxin-resistant (R), and Eyl31 is –susceptible (S). These were derived from a cross between two resistant lines, 1368 and GT-MASK:gk, in the IITA and USDA- ARS collaborative breeding project. Direct comparisons were designed between Eyl25 and Eyl31. Dry kernels from the two lines were selected randomly into four groups to extract total RNA. Four biological replications were performed in the comparison including two dye-swaps.
2012-07-29 | E-GEOD-34434 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Kernel development is accompanied by complex gene networks. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis is an efficient way to detect the regulatory elements of genes, especially the trans-eQTLs help to construct the regulatory networks of genes and contribute to a better understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms of biological processes. Till now, the 15 DAP (day after pollination) eQTL has been elucidated in maize kernel, but little is known about the early stage. Here, we conduct eQTL analysis for 5 DAP maize kernel using 318 maize inbred lines. The results will provide insights into the genetic basis of early kernel development.
2019-10-01 | GSE110315 | GEO
Project description:Modern maize was domesticated from Teosinte parviglumis, with subsequent introgressions from Teosinte mexicana, yielding increased kernel row number, loss of the hard fruit case and dissociation from the cob upon maturity, as well as fewer tillers. Molecular approaches have identified several transcription factors involved in the development of these traits, yet revealed that a complex regulatory network is at play. MaizeCODE deploys ENCODE strategies to catalog regulatory regions in the maize genome, generating histone modification and transcription factor ChIP-seq in parallel with transcriptomics datasets in 5 tissues of 3 inbred lines which span the phenotypic diversity of maize, as well as the teosinte inbred TIL11. Integrated analysis of these datasets resulted in the identification of a comprehensive set of regulatory regions in each inbred, and notably of distal enhancers which were differentiated from gene bodies by their lack of H3K4me1. Many of these distal enhancers expressed noncoding enhancer RNAs bi-directionally, reminiscent of “super enhancers” in animal genomes. We show that pollen grains are the most differentiated tissue at the transcriptomic level, and share features with endosperm that may be related to McClintock’s chromosome breakagefusion-bridge cycle. Conversely, ears have the least conservation between maize and teosinte, both in gene expression and within regulatory regions, reflecting conspicuous morphological differences selected during domestication. The identification of molecular signatures of domestication in transcriptional regulatory regions provides a framework for directed breeding strategies in maize.
2024-02-23 | GSE254486 | GEO