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Shelterin Mediates Genome Reorganization in Response to Replication Stress (Microarray CGH)

ABSTRACT: The dynamic nature of genome organization impacts critical nuclear functions including the regulation of gene expression, replication and DNA damage repair. Despite significant progress, the mechanisms responsible for reorganization of the genome in response to cellular stress, such as aberrant DNA replication, are poorly understood. Here we show that fission yeast cells carrying a mutation in the DNA-binding protein Sap1 show defects in DNA replication progression and genome stability, and display extensive changes in genome organization. Chromosomal regions such as subtelomeres that show defects in replication progression associate with the nuclear envelope in sap1 mutant cells. Moreover, high-resolution Hi-C analysis revealed prominent new interactions between telomeres and chromosomal arm regions containing replication origins proximal to binding sites for Taz1, a component of the Shelterin telomere protection complex. Strikingly, we find that Shelterin components promote interactions between Taz1-associated chromosomal arm regions and telomeres. These analyses reveal an unexpected role for Shelterin in genome reorganization in cells experiencing replication stress, which has important implications for understanding mechanisms governing replication and genome stability.

ORGANISM(S): Schizosaccharomyces pombe

PROVIDER: GSE96881 | GEO | 2017/08/22

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA379982

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Shelterin Mediates Genome Reorganization in Response to Replication Stress (ChIP-chip)

Project description:The dynamic nature of genome organization impacts critical nuclear functions including the regulation of gene expression, replication and DNA damage repair. Despite significant progress, the mechanisms responsible for reorganization of the genome in response to cellular stress, such as aberrant DNA replication, are poorly understood. Here we show that fission yeast cells carrying a mutation in the DNA-binding protein Sap1 show defects in DNA replication progression and genome stability, and display extensive changes in genome organization. Chromosomal regions such as subtelomeres that show defects in replication progression associate with the nuclear envelope in sap1 mutant cells. Moreover, high-resolution Hi-C analysis revealed prominent new interactions between telomeres and chromosomal arm regions containing replication origins proximal to binding sites for Taz1, a component of the Shelterin telomere protection complex. Strikingly, we find that Shelterin components promote interactions between Taz1-associated chromosomal arm regions and telomeres. These analyses reveal an unexpected role for Shelterin in genome reorganization in cells experiencing replication stress, which has important implications for understanding mechanisms governing replication and genome stability.

2017-08-22 | GSE96882 | GEO

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Taz1-Shelterin promotes facultative heterochromatin assembly at chromosome-internal sites containing late replication origins [Taz1]

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Project description:ChIP-chip analyses of lysine 9 dimethylated histone H3 in Shelterin mutants. Facultative heterochromatin regulates gene expression, but its assembly is poorly understood. Previously, we identified facultative heterochromatin islands in the fission yeast genome and found that RNA elimination machinery promotes island assembly at meiotic genes. Here, we report that Taz1, a component of the telomere protection complex Shelterin, is required to assemble heterochromatin islands at regions corresponding to late replication origins that are sites of double-strand break formation during meiosis. The loss of Taz1 and other Shelterin subunits, including Ccq1 that interacts with Clr4/Suv39h, abolishes heterochromatin at late origins and causes defective silencing of associated genes. Moreover, the late origin regulator Rif1 affects heterochromatin at Taz1-dependent islands and subtelomeric regions. We uncover a connection between heterochromatin and replication control, and show that heterochromatin factors affect timing of replication. These analyses implicate Shelterin in facultative heterochromatin assembly at late origins, which has important implications for the maintenance of genome stability and gene regulation. Whole cell extract DNA and DNA recovered from H3K9 dimethylated chromatin of fission yeast were random-prime PCR amplified and labeled with Cy3 (whole cell extract) or Cy5 (IP DNA) and analyzed using custom 60mer Agilent array that tiles Schizosaccharomyces pombe genome in 300bp intervals alternately on both strands.

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Project description:Efficient replication of terminal sequences is crucial to maintain telomere stability. In fission yeast, the Taz1 protein, the TRF1-2 homolog, plays a prominent role in telomere replication. We and others have shown that the Stn1-Ten1 (ST) complex fulfills important function in telomeres and subtelomeres maintenance, however its function is not fully understood. Here, we analyzed genome-wide replication dynamics using the polymerase usage sequencing (PuSeq) allowing to assess polymerase usage across the genome. We show that the ST complex and Taz1 are crucial for the replication of the STE2-3 subtelomeric region. Both, the ST complex and Taz1, bind specifically to this region and the function of the ST complex relies on its association with the shelterin complex. Strikingly, when the ST complex is compromised, an HR-based fork restart mechanism becomes necessary to ensure replication of the STE2-3 region. Finally, we demonstrate that the firing of an origin, that is controlled by Rif1, within subtelomeric regions circumvents the replication defect of subtelomeres. Overall, we demonstrate that the ST complex is actively recruited at subtelomeres by the shelterin and this ensures replication of the STE2-3 region which exhibits specific features of a hard-to-replicate region.

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