Specific small-RNA signatures in the amygdala at premotor and motor stages of Parkinson’s disease revealed by deep sequencing analysis
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE97285 | GEO | 2017/04/01
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA381204
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Plant small RNAs (sRNAs) regulate key physiological mechanisms through post-transcriptional and transcriptional silencing of gene expression. sRNAs fall into two major categories: those that are reliant on RNA Dependent RNA Polymerases (RDRs) for biogenesis and those that aren’t. Known RDR-dependent sRNAs include phased and repeat-associated short interfering RNAs, while known RDR-independent sRNAs are primarily microRNAs (miRNAs) and other hairpin-derived sRNAs. In this study, we produced and analyzed sRNA-seq libraries produced from rdr1/rdr2/rdr6 triple mutant plants. We found 58 previously annotated MIRNA loci that were dependent on RDR function, casting doubt on their classification as MIRNAs. We also found 38 RDR-independent sRNA clusters that were not MIRNAs or otherwise hairpin-derived. These 38 sRNA loci have novel biogenesis mechanisms, and frequently arise from protein-coding genes. Altogether, our analysis suggests that these 38 sRNA loci represent one or more new types of sRNA loci in Arabidopsis thaliana.
2018-04-09 | GSE105262 | GEO
Project description:Next-generation Illumina sequencing technology was used to analyze small RNA associated with post-transcriptional gene silencing induced by intron-spliced hairpin RNA (ihpRNA) in Arabidopsis. The experimental induction of RNA silencing in plants often involves expression of transgenes encoding inverted repeat (IR) sequences to produce abundant dsRNAs that are processed into small RNAs (sRNAs). These sRNAs are key mediators of post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) and determine the specificity of the inhibition of gene expression. Despite its broad utility as a research tool, IR-PTGS is only a partially understood mechanism of RNA silencing in plants. We generated four sets of 60 Arabidopsis plants, each containing IR transgenes expressing different configurations of uidA and CHALCONE SYNTHASE (CHS) gene fragments. The levels of PTGS were dependent on the orientation and position of the fragment in the IR construct. To investigate these differences, we characterized the sRNA profiles by Illumina sequencing of seven libraries generated from transgenic families showing different levels of IR-PTGS. Mapping of sRNA sequences to their corresponding transgene-derived and endogenous transcripts identified distinctive patterns of differential sRNA accumulation. Analyses of these patterns and peaks revealed similarities among sRNAs associated with IR-PTGS and endogenous sRNAs linked to uncapped mRNA decay. We also found unexpected associations between sRNA accumulation and the presence of predicted open reading frames in the trigger sequence. Our observations provide new guidelines for designing constructs to increase the efficiency of IR-PTGS. In addition, strong IR-PTGS affected the prevalence of endogenous sRNAs, which has implications for the use of PTGS for experimental or applied purposes. Sequencing of small RNA from Arabidopsis plants transformed with ihpRNA constructs. Seven small RNA libraries were sequenced: Lib 0, made from non-transgenic Arabidopsis plants, and Libs 1-6, made from plants transformed with different configurations of ihpRNA.
2012-06-26 | E-GEOD-38922 | biostudies-arrayexpress
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2015-11-19 | E-GEOD-71563 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In Oxytricha, the somatic genome is responsible for vegetative growth, while the germline contributes DNA to the next sexual generation. Somatic nuclear development eliminates all transposons and other so-called "junk DNA", which constitute ~95% of the germline. We demonstrate that Piwi-interacting small RNAs (piRNAs) from the maternal nucleus can specify genomic regions for retention in this process. Oxytricha piRNAs map primarily to the somatic genome, representing the ~5% of the germline that is retained. Furthermore, injection of synthetic piRNAs corresponding to normally-deleted regions leads to their retention in subsequent generations. Our findings highlight small RNAs (sRNAs) as powerful transgenerational carriers of epigenetic information for genome programming. The backcross study here shows that the mating between an IES+ strain with the wild-type stain produces corresponding IES-containing sRNAs at 19 hr, and we provided the mapping to and the sequences of the specific loci of interest in the submission. As a control, wild-type cells do not produce such IES-containing sRNAs, and this analysis can be pulled out from the GSE35018 study since we provided mapping to the whole genome. The purpose of the 20 hr total sRNA sequencing study here is to show that the class of 27 nt sRNA is the major species of total sRNAs in Oxytricha at 20 hr, which we sequenced previously from Otiwi1-associated sRNAs at 12, 19, 23, and 30 hr (GSE35018). In addition, there is a less abundant class of small RNAs of 21-22 nt. These two classes are obvious by simply plotting the length distribution of the sRNA sequences. We sequenced sRNAs from Contig22226.0 IES1+ strain backcrossed to wild-type parental strain at 19hr post-mixing, and found corresponding IES-containing sRNAs. As a control, wild-type cells do not produce such IES-containing sRNAs (see GSE35018). Total RNA from the backcrossing at 19hr were isolated with mirVana small RNA extraction kit (Ambion), and directly used for making Illumina sRNA libraries. Oxytricha total small RNA (sRNA) sequencing at 20 hr post conjugation shows that a class of 27 nt, 5'-U sRNAs dominates the sRNA population at 20 hr, and this class of sRNAs associate with Otiwi1 (see GSE35018 for Otiwi1-interacting sRNAs in Oxytricha). In addition, a much less abundant class of 21-22 nt sRNAs is present according to the length distribution.
2012-09-01 | E-GEOD-40081 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) induce inside the vascular cylinder the giant cells (GCs) imbibed into a gall. Gene-repression in early developing GCs could be facilitated by small RNAs (sRNA) as miRNAs. 24nt-sRNAs, rasiRNAs and 21-22nt-sRNAs can also mediate epigenetic mechanisms. Three sRNA libraries from 3dpi galls and three from uninfected root segments were sequenced following Illumina-Solexa technology.
2015-11-19 | GSE71563 | GEO
Project description:Next-generation Illumina sequencing technology was used to analyze small RNA associated with post-transcriptional gene silencing induced by intron-spliced hairpin RNA (ihpRNA) in Arabidopsis. The experimental induction of RNA silencing in plants often involves expression of transgenes encoding inverted repeat (IR) sequences to produce abundant dsRNAs that are processed into small RNAs (sRNAs). These sRNAs are key mediators of post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) and determine the specificity of the inhibition of gene expression. Despite its broad utility as a research tool, IR-PTGS is only a partially understood mechanism of RNA silencing in plants. We generated four sets of 60 Arabidopsis plants, each containing IR transgenes expressing different configurations of uidA and CHALCONE SYNTHASE (CHS) gene fragments. The levels of PTGS were dependent on the orientation and position of the fragment in the IR construct. To investigate these differences, we characterized the sRNA profiles by Illumina sequencing of seven libraries generated from transgenic families showing different levels of IR-PTGS. Mapping of sRNA sequences to their corresponding transgene-derived and endogenous transcripts identified distinctive patterns of differential sRNA accumulation. Analyses of these patterns and peaks revealed similarities among sRNAs associated with IR-PTGS and endogenous sRNAs linked to uncapped mRNA decay. We also found unexpected associations between sRNA accumulation and the presence of predicted open reading frames in the trigger sequence. Our observations provide new guidelines for designing constructs to increase the efficiency of IR-PTGS. In addition, strong IR-PTGS affected the prevalence of endogenous sRNAs, which has implications for the use of PTGS for experimental or applied purposes.
2012-06-26 | GSE38922 | GEO
Project description:Small RNA (sRNA)-guided RNA silencing is a critical antiviral defense mechanism employed by a variety of eukaryotic organisms. Although the induction of RNA silencing by bipartite and monopartite begomoviruses has been described in plants, the nature of begomovirus/betasatellite complexes remains undefined. We profiled Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV) and its associated betasatellite (TYLCCNB)-derived small RNAs (V-sRNAs and S-sRNAs) using Solexa-based deep sequencing to evaluate the role of betasatellites in V-sRNA modulation. Both sense and anti-sense V-sRNAs and S-sRNAs accumulated preferentially as 22 nucleotide species in infected Solanum lycopersicum and Nicotiana benthamiana plants, indicating that secondary siRNAs were triggered. High resolution mapping of V-sRNA and S-sRNA revealed heterogeneous distribution of V-sRNA and S-sRNA sequences across the TYLCCNV and TYLCCNB genomes. In TYLCCNV-infected S. lycopersicum or N. benthamiana and TYLCCNV and betaC1-mutant TYLCCNB co-infected N. benthamiana plants, the primary TYLCCNV targets were AV2 and the 5’ terminus of AV1. In TYLCCNV and betasatellite-infected plants, the number of V-sRNAs targeting this region decreased and the production of V-sRNAs increased corresponding to the overlapping regions of AC2 and AC3, as well as the 3’ terminal of AC1. betaC1 is the primary determinant mediating symptom induction and also the primary silencing target of the TYLCCNB genome even in its mutated form. In addition, the betasatellite affected the amount of V-sRNAs detected in S. lycopersicum and N. benthamiana plants. characterization of Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus and Tomato yellow leaf curl China betasatellite-derived small interfering RNAs from five cDNA libraries of two plant species
2011-08-21 | E-GEOD-26368 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:We identified twin small non-coding RNAs regulating tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity in Neisseria meningitidis. Expression of TCA cycle enzymes was elevated in sRNA deletion mutants. Direct interaction between sRNAs and the ribosomal entry sites on target mRNAs was demonstrated. Expression of the sRNAs was down-regulated in cells grown in poor medium with glucose as the sole carbon source but not without lrp, indicating that sRNA expression is controlled by the stringent response. N. meningitidis, over-expressing the sRNAs replicated in blood, but not in human cerebrospinal fluid. In addition, Lrp synthesis was inhibited by direct interaction between the sRNA and the 5’ UTR of lrp. sRNAs control adaptation of N. meningitidis to variation in nutrient supply in different niches of its host.
2017-03-22 | PXD000891 | Pride
Project description:BACKGROUND: The release of small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) has been reported in parasitic nematodes, trematodes and cestodes of medical and veterinary importance. However, little is known regarding the diversity and composition of sRNAs released by different lifecycle stages and the portion of sRNAs that persist in host tissues during filarial infection. This information is relevant to understanding potential roles of sRNAs in parasite-to-host communication, as well as to inform on the location within the host and time point at which they can be detected. METHODOLOGY & PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We have used small RNA (sRNA) sequencing analysis to identify sRNAs in replicate samples of the excretory-secretory (ES) products of developmental stages of the filarial nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis in vitro and compare this to the parasite-derived sRNA detected in host tissues. We show that all L. sigmodontis developmental stages release RNAs in vitro, including ribosomal RNA fragments, 5’-derived tRNA fragments (5’-tRFs) and, to a lesser extent, microRNAs (miRNAs). The gravid adult females (gAF) produce the largest diversity and abundance of miRNAs in the ES compared to the adult males or microfilariae. Analysis of sRNAs detected in serum and macrophages from infected animals reveals that the class of parasite miRNAs are preferentially detected in vivo, compared to their low levels in the ES products, and identifies miR-92-3p and miR-71-5p as L. sigmodontis miRNAs that are stably detected in host cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that gravid adult female worms secrete the largest diversity of extracellular sRNAs compared to adult males or microfilariae. We further show differences in the parasite sRNA biotype distribution detected in vitro versus in vivo. We identify macrophages as one reservoir for parasite sRNA during infection, and confirm the presence of parasite miRNAs and tRNAs in host serum during patent infection.
2019-11-18 | GSE140538 | GEO
Project description:Small RNA (sRNA)-guided RNA silencing is a critical antiviral defense mechanism employed by a variety of eukaryotic organisms. Although the induction of RNA silencing by bipartite and monopartite begomoviruses has been described in plants, the nature of begomovirus/betasatellite complexes remains undefined. We profiled Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV) and its associated betasatellite (TYLCCNB)-derived small RNAs (V-sRNAs and S-sRNAs) using Solexa-based deep sequencing to evaluate the role of betasatellites in V-sRNA modulation. Both sense and anti-sense V-sRNAs and S-sRNAs accumulated preferentially as 22 nucleotide species in infected Solanum lycopersicum and Nicotiana benthamiana plants, indicating that secondary siRNAs were triggered. High resolution mapping of V-sRNA and S-sRNA revealed heterogeneous distribution of V-sRNA and S-sRNA sequences across the TYLCCNV and TYLCCNB genomes. In TYLCCNV-infected S. lycopersicum or N. benthamiana and TYLCCNV and betaC1-mutant TYLCCNB co-infected N. benthamiana plants, the primary TYLCCNV targets were AV2 and the 5’ terminus of AV1. In TYLCCNV and betasatellite-infected plants, the number of V-sRNAs targeting this region decreased and the production of V-sRNAs increased corresponding to the overlapping regions of AC2 and AC3, as well as the 3’ terminal of AC1. betaC1 is the primary determinant mediating symptom induction and also the primary silencing target of the TYLCCNB genome even in its mutated form. In addition, the betasatellite affected the amount of V-sRNAs detected in S. lycopersicum and N. benthamiana plants.
2011-08-21 | GSE26368 | GEO