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Interactions between effector-triggered immunity (ETI) and pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) in an Arabidopsis dde2 ein2 pad4 sid2 mutant

ABSTRACT: We observed inhibition of the hypersensitive response (a typical ETI response) by PTI signaling in an Arabidopsis quadruple mutant dde2 ein2 pad4 sid2 (quad). Thus, we designed an experiment to see the interaction between ETI and PTI signaling at the transcriptome level. The Arabidopsis line dde2 ein2 pad4 sid2 Ed-AvrRpt2 (quadAvrRpt2) was used (Ed-AvrRpt2, estradiol-inducible AvrRpt2 transgene). In this plant line, ETI can be elicited by estradiol (Ed) treatment via in planta expression of AvrRpt2. Transcriptome responses to PTI only, ETI only, and PTI+ETI together were recorded.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE98075 | GEO | 2017/08/07

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA383861

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Plants have evolved a two-layered immune system that mainly includes pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) against pathogen attack. PTI and ETI signaling are functionally linked, but also distinct due to specific perceived ligands and activation modes. Unraveling how PTI and ETI coordinate the immune responses against pathogens is crucial for understanding the regulatory mechanisms in plant immunity. To better understand the protein profiling and phosphorylation events during PTI and ETI, we employed integrated whole proteome and phosphoproteome analyses in the tomato-Pst pathosystem with different Pst DC3000 mutants that allow dissection of different layers of immune responses. A total of 225 proteins and 79 phosphopeptides were differentially regulated in tomato leaves during immune responses. Our proteomics results indicate that some overlapping immune responses are triggered by both PTI and ETI-inducing treatment, and ETI response is more robust than PTI response for most proteins. The change patterns of protein abundance and phosphorylation revealed some key regulators involved in Ca2+ signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades, and reversible protein phosphorylation, ROS and redox homeostasis, direct defense, transcription machinery and protein turnover, cell wall remodeling, hormone biosynthesis, as well as immune molecule accumulation, are modulated during PTI and/or ETI, suggesting their common or specific roles in plant immune responses. However, NAC domain protein and lipid particle serine esterase, two PTI-specific genes from previous transcriptomic work, have not been detected as differentially regulated in our proteomic analysis, and they were proved to be not PTI-specific inducible and therefore cannot be used as PTI-reporters through “overlapping circle” pattern assay. These results provide insights into the fine-tuned regulatory mechanisms between PTI and ETI in-Pst pathosystem, which will springboard further investigations into the sophisticated mechanisms in plant immunity.

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Interactions between effector-triggered immunity (ETI) and pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) in an Arabidopsis dde2 ein2 pad4 sid2 mutant

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