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Genomic distribution of H3T3ph in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells

ABSTRACT: Drosophila Haspin kinase phosphorylates Histone H3 at threonine 3 at centromeric heterochromatin and either lamin- or polycomb-enriched euchromatic regions, being required for nuclear organization of interphase cells and polycomb-dependent gene silencing.

ORGANISM(S): Drosophila melanogaster

PROVIDER: GSE98223 | GEO | 2020/08/07

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Distinct roles of Haspin in stem cell division and male gametogenesis

Project description:The atypical protein kinase Haspin phosphorylates Histone H3 at threonine-3 (H3T3ph) during mitosis. H3T3ph creates a docking site for the Chromosomal Passenger Complex at the inner centromere, enabling correction of erratic microtubule-chromosome contacts and preventing chromosome mis-segregation. Surprisingly, Haspin knockout in the mouse does not cause developmental defects, except for testicular anomalies. Therefore, the physiological role of this kinase and the mechanistic significance of H3T3ph are in question. We show here that mouse embryonic stem cells that lack or overexpress Haspin are prone to chromosome misalignment. However, the cell population as a whole maintains the ability to expand and differentiate into multiple lineages. Although not essential for pluripotency, Haspin affects the expression of several testis-specific genes. Furthermore, the H3T3ph mark is detected in under-condensed chromatin domains of haploid spermatids, in cis with lysine/arginine methylation marks. We propose that Haspin controls a compound phospho-methyl switch and regulates testis-specific transcription.

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Project description:The kinase Haspin phosphorylates histone H3 at threonine-3 (H3T3ph), creating a docking site for the Chromosomal Passenger Complex (CPC). CPC plays a pivotal role in preventing chromosome misalignment. Here, we have examined the effects of 5-Iodotubercidin (5-ITu), a commonly used Haspin inhibitor, on self-renewal and differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Treatment with low concentrations of 5-ITu eliminates the H3T3ph mark during mitosis, but does not affect the mode or the outcome of self-renewal divisions. Interestingly, 5-ITu causes sustained accumulation of p53, increases markedly the expression of histone genes and results in reversible upregulation of the pluripotency factor Klf4. However, the properties of 5-ITu treated cells are distinct from those observed in Haspin-knockout cells generated by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, suggesting "off-target" effects. Continuous exposure to 5-ITu allows modest expansion of the ESC population and growth of embryoid bodies, but release from the drug after an initial treatment aborts embryoid body or teratoma formation. The data reveal an unusual robustness of ESCs against mitotic perturbants and suggest that the lack of H3T3ph and the "off-target" effects of 5-ITu can be partially compensated by changes in expression program or accumulation of suppressor mutations.

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Genomic distribution of the cohesin subunit Stromalin (SA) in wild-type and Haspin knock-down Drosophila melanogaster Kc167 cells

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