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SHP2 Is Required for BCR-ABL1-Induced Hematologic Neoplasms

ABSTRACT: BCR-ABL1-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have revolutionized treatment of Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) hematologic neoplasms. Nevertheless, acquired TKI resistance remains a major problem in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and TKIs are less effective against Ph+ B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). GAB2, a scaffolding adaptor that binds and activates SHP2, is essential for leukemogenesis by BCR-ABL1, and a GAB2 mutant lacking SHP2 binding cannot mediate leukemogenesis. Using a genetic loss-of-function approach and bone marrow transplantation (BMT) models for CML and BCR-ABL1+ B-ALL, we show that SHP2 is required for BCR-ABL1-evoked myeloid and lymphoid neoplasia. Ptpn11 deletion impairs initiation and maintenance of CML-like myeloproliferative neoplasm, and compromises induction of BCR-ABL1+ B-ALL. SHP2, and specifically, its SH2 domains, PTP activity and C-terminal tyrosines, is essential for BCR-ABL1+, but not WT, pre-B cell proliferation. The MEK/ERK pathway is regulated by SHP2 in WT and BCR-ABL1+ pre-B cells, but is only required for the proliferation of BCR-ABL1+ cells. SHP2 is required for SRC family kinase (SFK) activation only in BCR-ABL1+ pre-B cells. RNAseq reveals distinct SHP2-dependent transcriptional programs in BCR-ABL1+ and WT pre-B cells. Our results suggest that SHP2, via SFKs and ERK, represses MXD3/4 to facilitate a MYC-dependent proliferation program in BCR-ABL1-transformed pre-B cells.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE99656 | GEO | 2017/06/06

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA389249

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Distinct GAB2 signaling pathways are essential for myeloid and lymphoid transformation and leukemogenesis by BCR-ABL1

Project description:Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) directed against BCR-ABL1, the product of the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, have revolutionized treatment of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, acquired resistance to TKIs is a significant clinical problem in CML, and TKI therapy is much less effective against Ph+ B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). BCR-ABL1, via phosphorylated Tyr177, recruits the adapter GAB2 as part of a GRB2/GAB2 complex. We showed previously that GAB2 is essential for BCR-ABL1-evoked myeloid transformation in vitro. Using a genetic strategy and mouse models of CML and B-ALL, we show here that GAB2 is essential for myeloid and lymphoid leukemogenesis by BCR-ABL1. In the mouse model, recipients of BCR-ABL1-transduced Gab2-/- bone marrow failed to develop CML-like myeloproliferative neoplasia. Leukemogenesis was restored by expression of GAB2 but not by GAB2 mutants lacking binding sites for its effectors PI3K or SHP2. GAB2 deficiency also attenuated BCR-ABL1-induced B-ALL, but only the SHP2 binding site was required. The SHP2 and PI3K binding sites were differentially required for signaling downstream of GAB2. Hence, GAB2 transmits critical transforming signals from Tyr177 to PI3K and SHP2 for CML pathogenesis, whereas only the GAB2-SHP2 pathway is essential for lymphoid leukemogenesis. Given that GAB2 is dispensable for normal hematopoiesis, GAB2 and its effectors PI3K and SHP2 represent promising targets for therapy in Ph+ hematologic neoplasms. RNA-Seq expression profiling of 6 mouse bone marrow samples: 3 GAB2 WT (+/+) and 3 GAB2 NULL (-/-)

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Distinct GAB2 signaling pathways are essential for myeloid and lymphoid transformation and leukemogenesis by BCR-ABL1

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Project description:BCR-ABL1 gene fusion is an essential driver lesion in both chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia-positive (Ph+) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). While tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) cure up to 95% of CML patients, 50 % of Ph+ B-ALL cases do not respond to treatment or relapse. This calls for new therapeutic approaches for Ph+ B-ALL. Dysregulated redox homeostasis manifested by the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the upregulation of the thioredoxin (TXN) antioxidant system has been previously shown in B-ALL. Pharmacological inhibition of the TXN system with auranofin (AUR) efficiently kills B-ALL cells, indicating that the TXN system plays a major role in maintaining redox homeostasis in B-ALL cells. Here we show that peroxiredoxin-1 (PRDX1), one of the enzymes of the TXN system responsible for scavenging H2O2, is upregulated in Ph+ lymphoid as compared to Ph+ myeloid cells. The genomic knockout of PRDX1 negatively affects the viability of Ph+ B-ALL cells and sensitizes them to TKIs, while no such effects occur in myeloid cells. By analyzing global changes in gene expression in PRDX1-deficient cells treated with imatinib we discover non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair pathways as a novel vulnerability of Ph+ B-ALL cells. Accordingly, pharmacologic inhibition of the TXN system diminishes the viability of Ph+ B-ALL cells and enhances their sensitivity to TKIs and NHEJ inhibitors. Finally, we propose a novel combination of TKIs, TXN inhibitors, and NHEJ inhibitors as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of Ph+ B-ALL.

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